Evaluation of Our Thoughts on Secondary Plant Substances

Fraenkel, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1969.tb02546.x

Cited by 203 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our results contradict most usual expectations for the role of secondary plant metabolites for specialist herbivores (Fraenkel, 1969). For A. vittatum cucurbitacin is not required for host recognition, nor does it unconditionally elicit locomotory arrest or compulsive feeding as was previously believed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Effects of age, sex, and dietary history on response to cucurbitacin in Acalymma vittatum

Smyth

Tallamy

Renwick

et al. 2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The chrysomelid Acalymma vittatum is stenophagous, subsisting almost entirely on plants in the Cucurbitaceae, which generally contain cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins are extremely bitter tetracyclic triterpenoids that are toxic to most organisms. As do other diabroticite beetles, A. vittatum sequester cucurbitacins, which have been shown to act as phagostimulants and arrestants. Our results reveal, however, that for A. vittatum the response to cucurbitacin diminishes with continued sequestration. Colony-reared A. vittatum were fed only roots (as larvae) and foliage of either 'Marketmore 76' (which contains a normal amount of cucurbitacin, 'bitter') or 'Marketmore 80' (a near isogenic line that contains no cucurbitacin, 'non-bitter') cucumber. Over 1200 individual beetles from the day of adult emergence to 15 days following emergence were placed in choice and no-choice arenas containing potted cotyledons of the two cucumber varieties for 24 h. In choice tests, overall preference for the bitter cucumber cultivar was maintained, but degree of preference changed with age and became significantly less for beetles reared on bitter diets. Furthermore, in no-choice tests, age, sex, dietary history, and interactions among these variables all significantly affected the feeding response to cucurbitacin. For A. vittatum reared without cucurbitacin, total consumption of the bitter cultivar increased over time. For beetles reared with cucurbitacin, total foliage consumption of the bitter cultivar declined, within nine days, to equal that of the non-bitter cultivar. Feral A. vittatum, unexpectedly, consumed more of the non-bitter than the bitter cultivar in no-choice tests. Ecological and applied implications of this variation in response to cucurbitacin are discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Effects of age, sex, and dietary history on response to cucurbitacin in Acalymma vittatum

Smyth

Tallamy

Renwick

et al. 2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…As theorized by Fraenkel (1959), the presence of such secondary metabolites can drive the evolution of arthropods from polyphagy to monophagy, whereby the compounds are no longer detrimental but instead, act as beneficial cues. As previously noted, I. pepperi is monophagous on Vaccinium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation in Aphid Resistance and Constitutive Phenolics Exhibited by the Wild Blueberry Vaccinium darrowi

et al. 2007

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Illinoia pepperi (MacGillivray) infests cultivated highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L., in the Northeastern United States. Allopatric resistance to I. pepperi was examined in Vaccinium darrowi Camp, which evolved in the absence of I. pepperi in the Southeastern U.S. V. corymbosum cv. "Elliott", was used as a susceptible control. Between population variability in I. pepperi resistance was assessed by measuring length of the prereproductive period, fecundity, and survivorship on 14 V. darrowi accessions representing 11 discrete wild populations. Length of I. pepperi's prereproductive period and survivorship were not significantly affected. However, differences were detected in fecundity and the intrinsic rate of increase (r m ). Within population variability in resistance was measured by confining first instars to 24 accessions from a single wild population of V. darrowi (NJ88-06). Significant differences in the mean total number of aphids occurring after 20 d were only detected between 2 of the 24 V. darrowi accessions. A greater degree of diversity in I. pepperi resistance exists between populations of V. darrowi compared to within a population. Constitutive leaf and stem polyphenolics were identified by HPLC-MS and quantified from 14 of the V. darrowi accessions. The accessions varied in concentrations of five phenolic acids and seven flavonol glycosides, but a correlation was not found between individual or total phenolics and aphid performance. Overall, screening within and between populations of V. darrowi identified promising sources of aphid resistance, but phenolic acid and flavonol glycoside profiles did not predict resistance levels. The mechanism of resistance remains to be identified.

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“…High moisture content in host plant's leaves has favourable effects on the palatability and assimilability of nutrients (Parpiev, 1968 and Gardiner, 1966;Jermy et al, 1968;Fraenkel, 1969) have produced experimental evidences in support of the contention that insect becomes "conditioned" to a particular host plant, because food first eaten by a phytophagous insect becomes its subsequent feeding behaviour. In our experimental rearing also, this fact stands true for the larvae of A. mylitta, which adopted L. tomentosa host plants by the first time in Uttarakhand and completed its life cycle.…”

Section: Results Of Tukey Hsd Test Presented Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of forestry host plants, rearing seasons and their interaction on cocoon productivity of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta in uttarakhand

Bhatia¹,

Yousuf²

2015

International Journal of Industrial Entomology

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Keywords:Tropical forests, forest dependent people, forest based livelihood opportunity, vanya sericulture, poverty alleviation, socioeconomic development of Uttarakhand Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a commercial silk producing forest insect of India, but it has never been experimented in Uttarakhand state in spite of the huge availability of its forestry host plants. This is the first study on A. mylitta in Uttarakhand. The goal of this study is to introduce forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta, in tropical forest areas of Uttarakhand to reduce poverty among forest dependent people. In current study, we assessed the effect of seven forest tree species, rearing seasons, and their interactions on cocoon productivity of Daba (bivoltine) ecorace of A. mylitta in the New Forest of FRI, Dehra Dun during 2012 and 2013 and collected the data that was analysed by two-way completely randomized block factorial design. Post HOC Tukey's HSD test was carried out to compare the homogeneous pairs of means. We also carried out Evaluation Index analysis to rank the tested forestry host plants for better growth and development of A. mylitta under the climatic condition of Uttarakhand. Analysis of variance indicated that cocoon yield of A. mylitta differed significantly between rearing seasons (DF=1, F=88.24, p<0.05) and host plants (DF 6, F= 368.63, p<0.05); however, their interactions were found insignificant (DF=6, F=0.99, p>0.05). In first rearing season of July-August, there was higher cocoon yield than the second season of SeptemberNovember. Results indicated that Terminalia alata fed larvae showed significantly higher cocoon yield (164.11 cocoons/300 larvae); followed by, T. tomentosa (148.89 cocoons), T. arjuna (140.00 cocoons) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (129.47 cocoons) fed larvae. Whereas, Lagerstroemia tomentosa fed larvae that was used by the first time in India, showed lowest cocoon yield (48.81 cocoons), followed by T. chebula (72.53 cocoons) fed larvae. Cocoon yield of T. tomentosa and T. arjuna fed larvae of A. mylitta did not differ significantly with each other. Materials and Methods Out door rearing of A. mylitta on seven forestry host plantsWe investigated the effect of seven forestry host plants

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Evaluation of Our Thoughts on Secondary Plant Substances

Cited by 203 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of age, sex, and dietary history on response to cucurbitacin in Acalymma vittatum

Effects of age, sex, and dietary history on response to cucurbitacin in Acalymma vittatum

Intraspecific Variation in Aphid Resistance and Constitutive Phenolics Exhibited by the Wild Blueberry Vaccinium darrowi

Effects of forestry host plants, rearing seasons and their interaction on cocoon productivity of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta in uttarakhand

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