Evaluation of Osteoconduction of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic in the Calvaria of Rats: Microscopic and Histometric Analysis

Abstract

(1) Background: Evaluate the osteoconduction capability of a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate 60%/40% in a rat model. (2) Methods: In the calvarial bone of 54 adult male rats, 7-mm diameter critical size defects were performed. The animals were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to the type of material: blood clot (BCG), blood clot covered with a bovine-derived collagen membrane (MBCG), and BCP ceramic covered with a bovine-derived collagen membrane (BCPG). In each group, 6 animals were euthanatized at post-operative days 7, 30, and 60 for histological and histometric analysis. (3) Results: The qualitative analysis revealed the persistence of the collagen membrane at seven days, with no relevant newly bone formation in all groups. At 30 days, centripetal bone formation was observed residual particles of the biomaterial surrounded by fibroblasts noted in the BCPG. At 60 days, while BCG and MBCG showed a partial maturation with the central part of the defect populated by a fibrous connective tissue, in the BCPG the critical area was entirely occupied by newly formed bone. In the intra groups analysis was noted a significant increase in new bone formation during the experimental period (p < 0.05). At 60 days, BCPG showed a higher percentage area of new bone formation (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusion: BCP promoted a new bone formation by osteoconduction and might be considered a valid alternative in bone regeneration procedures.

Critical Defect Healing Assessment in Rat Calvaria Filled with Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement

“…This experimental study was performed according to the Ethical Principles for Animal Experimentation adopted by the Brazilian Animal Experimentation Board (COBEA), and was approved by the Animal Ethics and Experimentation Committee (CEEA) of the São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, under Process 2012/0356. The size of the sample was calculated based on a previous publication, with six rats per group (n = 6), in each euthanasia period, totaling 36 animals [26].…”

Bone Regeneration Assessment of Polycaprolactone Membrane on Critical-Size Defects in Rat Calvaria

“…However, this technique is still in development, so studies have to be conducted to test these biomaterials used in GBR. In a rat animal model, critical defects [19,20] at the calvaria allow for the study of the real biological behavior of these biomaterials.…”

Citric acid, but not tetracycline, improves the microscopic pattern of healing of particulate autogenous bone grafts in critical‐size defects

“…At 60 days, their results rose to 43.46% ± 19.46% and 47.86% ± 13.96% respectively. Puttini et al., 37 evaluating the osteoconduction capability of a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate, found a maximum percentage of 74.22% ± 25.39% of newly formed bone in 7 mm defects at 60 days, when the graft was covered with a bovine‐derived collagen membrane. Finally, even using a 3D scaffold of biphasic calcium phosphate coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2), only 33.79% ± 3.66% of newly formed bone was reported within 8 mm critical defects by Kim et al 38 .…”

“…Particulate autogenous bone and particulate autogenous bone + 10% doxycycline grafted in critical-size defects reached 29.95% ± 10.39% and 38.59% ± 3.09% respectively at 30 postoperative days in the study by Lucatelli et al 36 At 60 days, their results rose to 43.46% ± 19.46% and 47.86% ± 13.96% respectively. Puttini et al, 37 evaluating F I G U R E 5 Representative photomicrographs of the control specimens at 30 (A and B) and 60 (C and D) postoperative days. A) PC specimen in which the defect is mainly filled with well-organized and thick connective tissue (green arrows) surrounding remnants of the grafted bone particles (black arrows).…”