Evaluation of organic materials for ingibition of nematode reproduction in soybean

Abstract

Synthetic pesticides have been found to increase the yield of agricultural products over tenfold. However, the effects of pesticide misuse around the world include costly environmental pollution and disruption of the balance of nature in addition to their high cost and non-availability. Hence the need for search for alternative pesticide formulations to avert these undesirable effects. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf powder and organic fertiliser for management of M. incognita in soybean (Glycine max) production. A screenhouse experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of neem leaf powder (NLP) and organic based fertiliser (OBF), alone and a combination of 50% each of the NLP and OBF against root galling and Meloidogyne incognita multiplication on soybean and their potency in grain yield improvement. The experiment was laid out in completely randomised design with three replications. Although all treatments were effective in reducing root galling and nematode reproduction, NLP applied alone gave the highest reduction (92.59 %) in gall formation and nematode multiplication (82.07 %), followed by NLP + OBF and then OBF alone. Increases in grain yield ranged from 103.08 to 108.46% in response to organic soil amendment. Integration of the two organic substances is a better and more promising strategy since it reduced the quantity of organic fertiliser that had to be transported to farmer's field by 50%.

Novel Organic Fertilisers for Management of Root-Knot Disease of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

“…Our findings in this present work particularly in neem fertiliser-treated plots showed significant reduction of the in the number of M. incognita (Mi) eggs/infective stage juveniles, qualitative root damage referred to as galls, soil nematode populations and the reproducibility of the invading nematodes in the roots of the Mi-susceptible soybean variety tested. This is probably due to the action of the active ingredient Azadirachtin as reported in neem products studied by Atungwu et al (2009b). Similar impacts were observed in the two other organic fertilisers evaluated even though their efficacies on nematode survival and reproduction were numerically lower than in the neem fertilisertreated plants, they generally exhibited significant control potentials on the population and reproduction ability of Mi in the present study.…”

“…However, pests and diseases including plant-parasitic nematodes pose great crop production constraints during the early years of conversion to and/or establishment of organic farms. Atungwu et al (2009b) noted that Nigeria is the leading soybean producer in Africa. However, organic soybean production is seriously threatened by pests because organic standards do not permit the use of synthetic chemicals for pest control.…”

Organic amendments of soil as useful tools of plant parasitic nematodes control

“…It seems that ammonia is one best suppressive or toxic. But also other mechanisms of action are found in decaying plant material such as components directly toxic to nematodes (chitin, phenols, tannins, azadirachtin, ricinin, rutin, terpens) (Rodríguez-Kábana, 1986;Spiegel et al, 1987;Rich et al, 1989, Sasanelli & D'Addabbo, 1995Atungwu et al, 2009;Maistrello et al, 2010;Renčo et al, 2012).…”

Effect of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart) Solms Leaf Extract on the Juvenile Mortality of Meloidogyne Incognita

“…There is, therefore, the need to develop alternatives to synthetic nematicides that are effective, ecologically safe and economical to peasant farmers ( Yudelman. et al, 1998, Atungwu, et al, 2009). …”