Evaluation of optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum growth of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fingerlings

Abstract

A 90‐day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of varying dietary protein on growth performance, health status, intestinal enzyme activity, carcass composition and intestinal histomorphology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings for defining the optimum dietary protein. Five groups were fed with different crude protein content: T1 (36%), T2 (38%), T3 (40%), T4 (42%) and T5 (44%). Each group was run in triplicate with 10 fingerlings per tank. The group fed with 38% crude protein showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher specific growth rate, daily weight gain, weight gain percentage and low feed conversion ratio as compared to groups which had a protein content lesser/higher than 38%. The body composition and digestive enzyme activity were significantly higher in T2 followed by T1 (36%). The excretion of total ammonia and orthophosphate was also lowest in T2. The intestinal histomorphology examination revealed significantly increased absorptive area in T2 compared to other treatment groups. The findings indicate that optimum amount of dietary protein is crucial for achieving maximum growth, and feeding fish with diet containing excess or lesser than optimum protein content leads to lesser growth besides more excretion thereby affecting the quality of water.

Using Statistical Analysis to Assess the Effects of Feeding Pellets on Fish Dietary Preferences in an Intensive Polyculture System

“…Similar problems were researched in other studies (Shipton, et al, 2022;Al-Jader, et al, 2012;Fan, et al, 2015;Nandeesha, et al, 2000). The effects of feeding frequency on carp weight gain are presented in the work of Ali, et al, (2022). The nutritional value of cereals in the diet of Common carp is the topic addressed by the authors Sultana et al, (2001), considering that the local production of quality feeder can bring considerable benefits to the fish farming industry.…”

“…The problem of finding optimal diets for Israeli carp is presented in the paper of Zahra, et al, (2015) finally recommending a percentage of 40% proteins with 14% lipids. A research done by Ali et al, (2022) present the results of preliminary research on the optimal diet of carp. Since for the client the quality of the fish meat is highly important, the problem of the fish diet is also researched by the authors Ljubojević, et al, (2022), who give several feeding recipes, including for carp.…”

“…The formulation of artificial diets for juvenile fish is significantly influenced by various factors, one of the most important being the larvae's capacity to effectively digest the essential nutrients (Ali, et al, 2022). Several studies have undertaken a qualitative exploration of fish nutrition, analyzing in detail aspects related to the real efficiency of the feeder.…”

Short-term starvation at different feeding regimes on appetite responses, feeding utilization and physiological indices, of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings reared in brackish water

“…In this trend, our results affirmed that fish that were fed every other day did not differ from those fed every day in SGR, but they had the best FCR. Data from many previous study stated that alternated-day feeding is a vital tool to improve growth rate of fish as a result of reduced feed waste either through more complete consumption or improved nutrient absorption [ 23 ]. Confirmation of our observations, Bolivar et al [ 24 ] found that fish fed daily had higher growth but did not significantly differ with those fed alternate-day feeding (EOD), they reported that a significantly better FCR was obtained for fish fed EOD or on alternate days than for fish fed daily.…”

Digestible protein levels and metabolic responses in juvenile piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens)

“…While dietary protein is important for fish growth and survival, it also accounts for a large proportion of total feed costs (Kabir et al, 2019). Up to the optimal level, dietary protein intake can improve fish growth (Zhang et al, 2017;Sivaramakrishnan et al, 2022); however, excess dietary protein is catabolized for energy production, increasing feed costs, and affecting water quality via nitrogen (ammonia) excretion (Ali and Rawal, 2022;Peres et al, 2022).…”