Evaluation of optical fiber lifetime models based on the power law

Griffioen, W.

doi:10.1117/12.152242

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This difficulty is further aggravated if proof testing is performed in-line during manufacture, which means the fiber has a strength characteristic of the environment closer to that of the draw furnace, which is much drier than ambient. 2 This issue can be resolved if the humidity dependence of strength is well understood, which is one purpose of the work described here. Finally, current industry standards assume a power law form for the stress dependence of fatigue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, most fibers are proof tested at a typical stress of 0.7 GPa 1 to assure a minimum strength. 2 Lifetime predictions are then made based on the proof stress, but in this procedure some questionable assumptions are made. Firstly, the ambient environment of the proof test is generally assumed to be the same as the service environment to avoid having to determine the dependence of strength on the water activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humidity Dependence of the Fatigue of High‐Strength Fused Silica Optical Fibers

Armstrong

Matthewson

Kurkjian³

2000

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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Strength and dynamic fatigue behavior of silica fibers has been measured as a function of ambient humidity. Bare and polymer-coated fibers were compared to determine the influence of the coating. The results verify earlier work that suggests the degradation reaction is approximately second order with respect to humidity. However, we verify this result using rigorous data analysis techniques and, unlike the earlier work, the result is shown to be independent of the form of the kinetic model for crack growth. Trends in the calculated fatigue parameters illustrate that a simple exponential crack growth law best describes the humidity data. No significant differences were found between coated and bare fibers, provided the coated fibers were properly equilibrated. A data analysis methodology is given for obtaining valid reaction orders independently of the crack growth law form.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity Dependence of the Fatigue of High‐Strength Fused Silica Optical Fibers

Armstrong

Matthewson

Kurkjian³

2000

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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“…Griffioen 6 suggests that these extrapolations are effectively in opposite directions -the crack velocity is similar for both small cracks on a short time scale and large cracks on a long time scale. Therefore the effects cancel leaving predictions insensitive to the kinetics function.…”

Section: Is the Form Of The Kinetics Function Important?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Kinetics Models for the Fatigue Behavior of Fused Silica Optical Fiber

Matthewson

1998

MRS Proc.

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There have been numerous studies of the fatigue and strength behavior of fused silica optical fibers. However, no coherent model has emerged that self-consistently describes the simultaneous effects of stress, temperature and activity of the corroding species (e.g. water). A power law degradation kinetics model (relating the crack growth rate to the applied stress intensity factor, K I ) is widely used although various exponential forms based on chemical rate theory have also been proposed. The dependence of fatigue on parameters such as humidity, pH and temperature, has usually been treated in an empirical manner. Sometimes it is even ignoredfor example, the service environment is often assumed to be the same as the proof test environment when making lifetime predictions, thus avoiding the need for understanding the humidity dependence; this assumption is often unjustified. This paper reviews the dependence of fatigue on environmental factors and highlights some of the inconsistencies in published data. It is then attempted to present a coherent kinetics model that simultaneously accounts for stress temperature, humidity, etc. Several possible forms of the model are compared to a range of experimental data of several different types. The comparison is made using fitting techniques that account for correlation between fit parameters. It is found that a simple exponential form of the degradation kinetics model gives the best overall description of the temperature, humidity and pH effects on static and dynamic fatigue. It should be noted that the exponential form predicts shorter lifetimes than the ubiquitous power law model. Therefore, under some circumstances, the predictions of "worst case" models based on power law kinetics are unduly optimistic.

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“…A typical experiment is a double cantilever beam test, in which a constant force is applied to a predetermined length of crack on a glass sample, and the crack propagation velocity is measured as a function of the force . The most widely used model to describe the slow crack growth is based on an empirical power law:

V = A {(K_{I} / K_{I c})}^{n}

where V is the crack growth velocity, n is termed the stress corrosion susceptibility parameter, or the fatigue parameter, K I is stress intensity factor, K IC is the critical value of K I , or fracture toughness, and A is the environmental parameter which has a Arrhenius temperature dependence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical experiment is a double cantilever beam test, in which a constant force is applied to a predetermined length of crack on a glass sample, and the crack propagation velocity is measured as a function of the force. 10,11 The most widely used model to describe the slow crack growth is based on an empirical power law: 12,13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Fatigue of Silicate Glasses in Humid Conditions

Tang

Brow

2014

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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Failure strains of commercial silica, soda-lime-silicate, and E-glass fibers were measured using two-point bending in room temperature humid air. Humidity dependence and dynamic fatigue behavior were studied, and the fatigue reaction orders in terms of humidity were determined. In the humidity range tested (~0.1% to~100%), the dynamic fatigue parameters for silica and E-glass are found to be greater in lower humidity (~0.1% to~10%), whereas the fatigue parameter for soda-lime-silicate is independent of humidity. The humidity dependence of failure strains for all three glasses was more pronounced in high humidity (~10% to~100%) than in low humidity (~0.1% to~10%), indicating that the reaction order decreases with decreasing humidity. These observations were correlated with the different structures of the glasses and their corresponding fatigue mechanisms.

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Evaluation of optical fiber lifetime models based on the power law

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Humidity Dependence of the Fatigue of High‐Strength Fused Silica Optical Fibers

Humidity Dependence of the Fatigue of High‐Strength Fused Silica Optical Fibers

Chemical Kinetics Models for the Fatigue Behavior of Fused Silica Optical Fiber

Environmental Fatigue of Silicate Glasses in Humid Conditions

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