Evaluation of open versus closed urine collection systems and development of nosocomial bacteriuria in dogs

Abstract

Results suggested that for dogs requiring short-term indwelling urinary catheterization, the type of urine collection system (open vs closed) was not associated with likelihood of developing nosocomial bacteriuria. Use of a strict protocol for urinary catheter placement and maintenance was likely key in the low incidence of nosocomial bacteriuria in the present study.

A novel insertion technique for urinary catheters in female dogs with the use of a guidewire

“…Catheter‐related infections in the ICU occur in 8.3% to 19% of dogs with an indwelling catheter 5‐7 . Strict protocols to maintain asepsis during insertion and maintenance are considered crucial in reducing the risk of the development of a catheter‐related urinary tract infection 5,7 . This modified Seldinger technique may improve the aseptic technique of urinary catheter placement.…”

Urinary Catheterization

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Fungal UTIs have been reported in dogs and cats with lower urinary tract disease, urethrostomies, and indwelling cystotomy tubes but not specifically urinary catheters. These infections have played a role in nosocomial outbreaks in veterinary intensive care units (ICUs) and have the potential to cause serious morbidity and mortality.…”

“…[6][7][8][9]13,19 Despite the morbidity and even mortality associated with the use of urinary catheters, appropriate patient selection coupled with adherence to placement and maintenance protocols as described later has allowed achievement of an approximately 10% incidence of catheter-associated UTIs in two veterinary ICUs. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics to patients with indwelling urinary catheters may offer short-term protection against a UTI, but organisms that are resistant to the antibiotic therapy often emerge.…”

Urethral Catheterization

“…These systems were reported not to be associated with the likelihood of developing nosocomial bacteriuria in dogs with short-term urinary catheterization, but the authors cautioned that asepsis must be maintained when changing the collection bag. 8,9 These open urine collection systems must not be confused with leaving a catheter unattached to any urine and females (see Fig. 31.1) and sizes as small as 5F.…”

“…14,16,17 In the studies with the lowest catheter-associated urinary tract infection, the authors speculated that their use of a strict protocol to maintain asepsis during insertion and maintenance of indwelling catheters contributed to the lower rate. 8,14 Those protocols are the ones recommended here. Antibiotic treatment of patients with indwelling urinary catheters is variously reported to increase, 16 decrease, 14 or not affect 17 the development of a urinary tract infection.…”