Evaluation of one-way valves used in medical devices for prevention of cross-contamination

Nandy, Poulomi; Young, Megan Y.L.; Haugen, Shanil P.; Katzenmeyer-Pleuss, Kristy; Gordon, Edward A.; Retta, Stephen M.; Wood, Steven C.; Lucas, Anne D.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.02.015

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…One-way valves or non-return valves (NRV's) are valves that are used across several medical devices as a means to prevent backflow in intravenous infusions and as a means of preventing contamination of the patients' fluids with the infusion fluids [7], [8]. These valves are specially designed allow only a designated direction of flow (DDF) [7] and can usually withstand high levels of reverse pressure before failing [Nandy].…”

Section: E One-way Valves/non-return Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These valves are specially designed allow only a designated direction of flow (DDF) [7] and can usually withstand high levels of reverse pressure before failing [Nandy]. However, two studies [7], [8] conducted on these valves have indicated that they cannot be relied upon as a means of prevention of backflow or as infection control.…”

Section: E One-way Valves/non-return Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E-coli was the chosen as the bacterium due Leakage occurred in several models of valves against direction of flow. The conclusion was that one-way valves are not reliable for prevention of contamination in case of backflow [8].…”

Section: E One-way Valves/non-return Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Systems used in the Monitoring and Control of Intravenous Infusion

Keerthana¹,

S²,

M³

et al. 2019

IJET

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Intravenous (IV) therapy is a standard form of administration of fluids and drugs to those individuals for whom oral administration cannot be done. It is used for several purposes like transfusion of blood, to treat dehydration and to fix electrolyte imbalance. However, the IV setup used in hospitals requires constant monitoring of several parameters by the clinicians such as the flow rate and level of liquid in the IV bag. A failure to do so will result in several complications which can be difficult to deal with, especially in large clinical settings. To facilitate easier monitoring of the infusion process, several systems have been developed over the years. Although the overall purpose of these systems is to monitor the flow rate and raise a warning in case of any anomaly, the techniques used to develop these systems and the functionalities fulfilled by them are subject to considerable variation. In this survey, we discuss the various systems developed to monitor the intravenous infusion process. Keyword-Intravenous therapy, Backflow, Automatic locking, Flow Rate, IV tube I. INTRODUCTION Intravenous therapy is a form of treatment where essential fluids and drugs are passed into the body through the veins [1]. It is a routine method of infusion for individuals for ingestion of food or drugs is not possible. It is commonly used to tackle ailments leading to electrolyte imbalance, in the management of dehydration, fever, anaemia and also to administer chemotherapy [1], [2]. It is usually administered in the upper limbs due to an increased risk of thrombophlebitis during line placement in the lower limbs [3]. An intravenous (IV) setup consists of drip bottle, drip chamber, an IV tube and a roller clamp. The drip bottle is suspended from a stand at a height from the patient. The drip chamber is connected to the bottle at its' opening. The roller clamp enables the regulation of flow rate measured in drops per unit time. The infusion in the drip chamber reaches the patient as a result of the pressure difference between the drip chamber and the venous pressure [2]. Once the volume of liquid in the bottle goes below a certain level, the pressure is reversed causing backflow of blood into the capillary tube which has several adverse effects such as blockage of tube, loss of blood, swelling, infection hypothermia [4] and blood leakage [5]. Another severe effect is air embolism which is caused by emptying of the reservoir or any openings in the IV system [6] this causes an air lock in the pulmonary valve which restricts blood flow causing tissue hypoxia, reduced cardiac output and in extreme cases cause death. Other drawbacks of IV include contamination due to microbes and backflow of patient fluids and changes in the drip rate [2], [7], [8]. Changes in the infusion rate both ways can cause adverse effects. If the patient receives less fluid than needed, it can result in dehydration and metabolic imbalance. Otherwise, if more fluid reaches the patent, it can cause hypertension, electrolyte imbalance and metabolic disturba...

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Section: E One-way Valves/non-return Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E One-way Valves/non-return Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Systems used in the Monitoring and Control of Intravenous Infusion

Keerthana¹,

S²,

M³

et al. 2019

IJET

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“…Diversas pesquisas in vitro (PHAC, 1996;NANDY et al, 2017) e in vivo foram desenvolvidas com válvulas antirrefluxos (VARs) empregadas na área da saúde com um único tipo de VAR , três tipos de VARs (PHAC, 1996) e cinco tipos de VARs NANDY et al, 2017). Ainda, as VARs eram das marcas: Medex Inc ® (com mola), Merit Medical System ® (sem mola), Namic ® (sem mola) - (PHAC, 1996), , Transflux , e foram utilizadas de forma única (PHAC, 1996;NANDY et al, 2017), dupla (CONA et al, 2012 e estrategicamente posicionadas NANDY et al, 2017) nos conectores.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Os equipamentos empregados para simular as pressões sanguíneas e de injetoras de contraste foram bomba de seringa (PHAC, 1996;NANDY et al, 2017), bomba de infusão , injetora de contraste (PHAC, 1996;, injetora de artroscopia (NANDY et al, 2017) com 60psi por 15s (curto período) 60psi por 60min (longo período) em contra fluxo - (PHAC, 1996); durante 5h ; por 20min, 2h e 72h em contra fluxo ; 10min no sentido do fluxo 0,19psi por 2, 15, 30 e 60min (VERMEULEN et al, 2015); e 0,77psi (para abertura das VARs), 0 a 4,64psi por 5min (em contra fluxo) e sem pressão por 24h…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Biossegurança: avaliação da eficácia de válvulas antirrefluxo em sistemas de infusão na radiologia

Azevedo¹

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, pela amizade desde a infância e a ajuda incessante na padronização metodológica, de parte desta tese de doutorado. Ao Lucas Lazarini Bim e Felipe Lazarini Bim pela amizade conquistada a cada dia, bom humor constante e ajuda na realização, organização, interpretação e divulgação dos resultados experimentais físico-químicos desta tese de doutorado. À Viviane de Cássia Oliveira pela amizade, paciência, prontidão e profissionalismo na realização das leituras das absorbâncias por meio do espectrofotômetro. À Tania Marques da Silva e Souza pelo carinho e atenção, na etapa de finalização da tese.

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