Evaluation of ocular surface and tear function - A review of current approaches for dry eye

Rao, SrinivasK; Koh, Shizuka; Srinivas, SanjeevP; Tong, Louis; Young, AlvinL

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_1804_21

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our findings correspond to those of Srinivas et al . [ 15 ] who also found an increased incidence of bulbar hyperemia in women with dry eye. It may be used as one of the diagnostic signs for screening for evidence of dry eye instead of directly performing the tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of correlation between vitamin D3 levels and dry eye

Bhatt

Patel

Shah

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: Dry eye is a prevalent disorder of tear film resulting from either decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation. It is becoming a serious issue due to its disturbing symptoms, which become progressively troublesome affecting the work efficiency of patients and increasing financial burden due to lifelong dependency on eye drops. If not detected early, it can lead to sight-threatening complications. This study aims to explore serum vitamin D3 deficiency as a causative factor of dry eye. Methods: The study was conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in India, for a period of two years from September 2018 to September 2020. About 40 patients who had dry eye and 20 controls were enrolled in this study. They were given an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, examined for signs of dry eye on slit lamp with Schirmer’s test and tear film break-up time. All 60 participants were subjected to serum vitamin D3 level laboratory test and its deficiency prevalence was correlated with dry eye and its severity. Results: Serum vitamin D3 deficiency was found to be more prevalent in patients with dry eye. There was no gender predilection or change in prevalence with increasing age. Vitamin D3 level was negatively correlated with OSDI and positively with Schirmer’s test 1 and 2 and tear film break-up time (TBUT) scores. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency was not consistently found to be associated with the increasing severity of dry eye.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of correlation between vitamin D3 levels and dry eye

Bhatt

Patel

Shah

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…The thickness of this layer decreases with insufficient blinking ( 21 ). Ineffective blinking causes a decrease in the thickness of the lipid layer, leading to the increased evaporation of the aqueous layer, a decrease in the tear film thickness, and deterioration of the stability of the tear film ( 22 ). Although inflammation caused by these changes in tear film did not make a significant change in the Schirmer and TBUT scores, it was revealed indirectly with the increase of oxidative stress markers in tears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ptosis Surgery on Tear Oxidative Stress Levels in Patients with Blepharoptosis and Pseudoptosis

Sert

2023

Beyoglu Eye J

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Objectives: Investigation of the surgical correction effect on tear film functions and tear oxidative stress levels in patients with blepharoptosis and pseudoptosis. Methods: Sixty patients with blepharoptosis or pseudoptosis due to dermatochalasis and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Forty eyes underwent upper blepharoplasty and 20 eyes underwent levator surgery. The tear oxidative stress levels (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [4-HNE]) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and tear film functions were evaluated pre-operatively and at the post-operative 1 st and 6 th months. Results: 8-OHdG and 4-HNE levels in tears were found higher in patients with dermatochalasis (86.3±38.2 ng/mL; 29.8±11.4 ng/mL, respectively) and blepharoptosis (95.3±43.8 ng/mL; 40.8±3.8 ng/mL, respectively) compared to healthy controls (52.9±14.0 ng/mL; 27.8±6.6 ng/mL, respectively). Both levels decreased 1 month after blepharoplasty surgery. The 8-OHdG level in tears of patients who underwent levator surgery increased 1 month after the surgery (p=0.008). No change was detected in tear function tests findings between visits in any patient group. Conclusion: Dermatochalasis and blepharoptosis may lead to an increase in the tear oxidative stress levels. Contrary to a decrease in these levels after blepharoplasty, they may increase in the early period after levator surgery followed by a return to normal levels at the 6 th -month visit.

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“…According to this framework, the migration of limbal stem cells (LSCs) towards the central region of the cornea (X), combined with the vertical proliferation and differentiation of basal cells (Y), balances with the shedding of squamous cells (Z) from the epithelial surface. Healthy eyes are continuously bathed in tears containing growth factors, essential substances for maintaining the normal function of ocular surface tissue ( 3 ). Due to the unique anatomical location of the cornea, it is particularly susceptible to various injuries ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the mechanism of corneal epithelial cell repair: unraveling the impact of growth factors

Gong,

Ding,

Hao

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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The repair mechanism for corneal epithelial cell injuries encompasses migration, proliferation, and differentiation of corneal epithelial cells, and extracellular matrix remodeling of the stromal structural integrity. Furthermore, it involves the consequential impact of corneal limbal stem cells (LSCs). In recent years, as our comprehension of the mediating mechanisms underlying corneal epithelial injury repair has advanced, it has become increasingly apparent that growth factors play a pivotal role in this intricate process. These growth factors actively contribute to the restoration of corneal epithelial injuries by orchestrating responses and facilitating specific interactions at targeted sites. This article systematically summarizes the role of growth factors in corneal epithelial cell injury repair by searching relevant literature in recent years, and explores the limitations of current literature search, providing a certain scientific basis for subsequent basic research and clinical applications.

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Evaluation of ocular surface and tear function - A review of current approaches for dry eye

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Study of correlation between vitamin D3 levels and dry eye

Study of correlation between vitamin D3 levels and dry eye

Effect of Ptosis Surgery on Tear Oxidative Stress Levels in Patients with Blepharoptosis and Pseudoptosis

Elucidating the mechanism of corneal epithelial cell repair: unraveling the impact of growth factors

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