Evaluation of nutrient content and caloric density in commercially available foods formulated for senior cats

Summers, Stacie; Stockman, J.A.; Larsen, Jennifer A.; Rodriguez, Anais Sanchez; Zhang, Lei

doi:10.1111/jvim.15858

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this study, Ca/P ratio ranged from 0.91 to 1.1 in dog food, while in cat food, it was slightly higher, ranging from 1.13 to 1.98. Also, our general Ca/P ratio (1.33±0.25) for pet food for adult cats was similar to those reported in study by Summers et al (2020) in cat foods labeled for senior and adult cats (1.3 and 0.8-1.7, respectively). The Ca/P ratios in pet food for dogs (0.91-1.51) were in accordance, in general, with the recommended (AAFCO, 2018) guidelines, in which a minimum Ca/P ratio of 1:1 and a maximum ratio of 2:1 are advised.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of Content and Ratio of Calcium and Phosphorus in Commercially Available Pet Food for Dogs and Cats

Vranić,

Korićanac,

Trbović

et al. 2023

Meat Technology

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Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are essential nutrients for dogs and cats, and therefore, they need to be provided in the diet in adequate amounts and in bioavailable forms. Generally, calcium and phosphorus are discussed together because of their close relationship, particularly in bone health. The objective of this study was to determine calcium and phosphorus contents in commercially available pet food for dogs and cats marketed in Serbia, during 2022. The contents of calcium and phosphorus in the examined animal feeds were determined by using standard ISO procedures. According to national and EU regulations, all calcium and phosphorous contents were in permitted content ranges. The quality and safety of pet food are of great importance to pet health and welfare over their prolonged lives. These results could be discussed from a nutritional, ecological and economic point of view in order to meet optimal formulation of diets.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of Content and Ratio of Calcium and Phosphorus in Commercially Available Pet Food for Dogs and Cats

Vranić,

Korićanac,

Trbović

et al. 2023

Meat Technology

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“…18,19 While there is no maximum dietary Ca:P recommendation for cats, most diets tend to stay below 2.0:1. 20,21 It has recently been demonstrated that feeding a lowphosphate diet to cats with CKD increases the risk for the development of hypercalcemia. 4,5,12,13 Conversely, many studies have demonstrated the utility of feeding a reduced-phosphate diet in slowing the progression of CKD and decreasing the markers of CKD mineral and bone disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 18 , 19 While there is no maximum dietary Ca:P recommendation for cats, most diets tend to stay below 2.0:1. 20 , 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionized hypercalcemia can resolve with nutritional modification in cats with idiopathic hypercalcemia or chronic kidney disease

Ehrlich,

Rudinsky,

Chew

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Case series summary Cats with ionized hypercalcemia that were fed diets with either more than 200 mg calcium per 100 kilocalories (kcal), a calcium:phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio greater than 1.4:1 or both, based on diet history, were included in this case series. Ionized hypercalcemia was documented at least twice in all cats before enrollment. Cats were referred for evaluation of ionized hypercalcemia (n = 5) or were incidentally found to have ionized hypercalcemia (n = 5). After medical workups, cats were diagnosed with either idiopathic hypercalcemia (IHC; n = 7) or chronic kidney disease (n = 3). Cats receiving medications to treat IHC (eg, alendronate, corticosteroids) were excluded. Nutritional recommendations were made to transition the cats to diets with less thn 200 mg calcium per 100 kcal and a Ca:P ratio less than 1.4:1. Ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations were rechecked in all cats, with a median recheck time of 9 weeks (range 3–20). Of the 10 cats, nine (90%) had a decrease in iCa. Of the 10 cats, six (60%) became normocalcemic after the diet change, three (30%) had a partial response and one (10%) did not respond. Of the four cats that did not achieve normocalcemia with a change in diet, two (50%) received chia seeds (1–2 g per day), and at the next recheck, both cats’ iCa concentrations had normalized. Three cats had a long-term follow-up. Ionized normocalcemia was maintained for at least two consecutive follow-up visits over a median follow-up period of 33 weeks (range 12–34). Relevance and novel information Dietary calcium concentrations and the dietary Ca:P ratio appear to be important variables in considering nutritional approaches for hypercalcemic cats.

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“…The Cu, Fe and Zn data for this study were from a food analysis performed in two previously published studies that evaluated calcium and phosphorus content in commercial adult and senior cat foods. 19,20 Cat foods were categorized based on the marketing terms for specific life stages on the label’s principle display and on the intended use based on being formulated or feeding trialed for specific life stages as indicated by the label’s nutritional adequacy statement. Food (dry, canned and raw) marketed for adult and senior cats were purchased from grocery and pet stores in the Fort Collins, CO, USA area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

Summers

Stockman

Larsen

2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), foods marketed by age category (adult 1+ years and senior 7+ years) and foods intended for adult maintenance vs all life stages. Methods In total, 112 commercial non-therapeutic food products marketed for healthy adult and senior cats were purchased in the USA. Foods were analyzed for their proximate composition. Trace mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma–optical emission spectroscopy and described on a calculated metabolizable energy basis using standard modified Atwater values. Results Measured iron (median 58.4 mg/1000 kcal [range 15.7–379.0]), copper (median 5.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 0.8–13.3]) and zinc (median 47.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 7.6–128.1]) concentrations were highly variable among cat foods. When all food products – regardless of their nutritional adequacy substantiation method – were compared with the Association of American Feed Control Officials regulatory minimums, 13/112 food products had a mineral deficiency, of which a majority (n = 11/13) were raw food products. Raw foods had significantly lower trace mineral concentrations compared with dry food products and, except for copper, canned food products. Cat foods marketed for senior cats had higher iron ( P = 0.019) and zinc ( P <0.0001) concentrations than foods marketed for adult cats. Foods intended for adult maintenance had higher iron ( P = 0.003) and zinc concentrations than foods intended for all life stages ( P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance Iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial non-therapeutic foods for adult and senior cats are highly variable. A minority of foods – mainly raw food products – were deficient in these minerals. It is unknown if some foods with high trace mineral concentrations could have adverse effects as studies are needed to establish safe upper limits for dietary intake of trace minerals in healthy cats.

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Evaluation of nutrient content and caloric density in commercially available foods formulated for senior cats

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of Content and Ratio of Calcium and Phosphorus in Commercially Available Pet Food for Dogs and Cats

Evaluation of Content and Ratio of Calcium and Phosphorus in Commercially Available Pet Food for Dogs and Cats

Ionized hypercalcemia can resolve with nutritional modification in cats with idiopathic hypercalcemia or chronic kidney disease

Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

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