Evaluation of nonylphenol surfactant in enhanced oil recovery by SAG and WAG method

Silva, Dennys Correia da; Hora, Luiz Felipe da; Araújo, Jefferson David Coutinho de; Arruda, Guilherme Mentges; Costa, Francisco Moisés Freitas da; Rodrigues, Marcos Allyson Felipe; Neto, Alcides de Oliveira Wanderley

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122717

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…When a low-salinity fluid enters the reservoir, it leads to hydration, expansion, dispersion, and migration of clay minerals, thus blocking the pores and throats [3,12]. The highsalinity fluid that enters the reservoir also reduces the formation permeability because of the crystallization of the salinity fluid in the pore throats [16,17]. Irrespective of the fluid salinity (high-salinity or low-salinity) that enters the sandstone, permeability decreases, and the influence of the salt content of the displacement fluid on the permeability becomes obvious [16,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irrespective of the fluid salinity (high-salinity or low-salinity) that enters the sandstone, permeability decreases, and the influence of the salt content of the displacement fluid on the permeability becomes obvious [16,18]. During the process of gas-water relative permeability experiments, if the formation water or any fluid other than the simulated formation water is used in the experiments, the gas-water relative permeability gets affected by salt sensitivity, resulting in deviations from the actual gas-water relative permeability [17]. Therefore, residual salt in dry rock samples must be removed in advance to prevent it from dissolving during the experiments, which leads to an increase in the salinity of the displacement fluid, thus leading to a reduction in the reliability of the relative permeability data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Klinkenberg discovered that the effect of gas flow occurred through capillary channels. To avoid the gas slippage effect, gas permeability is usually measured at different flooding pressures to obtain Klinkenberg permeability [21]. However, using this method for different water saturation conditions is timeconsuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, relative permeability measurement is not ideal [15]. With the increase in displacement pressure and time, the gas drive process fails to keep the water saturation lower than the bound water saturation, and therefore, it becomes difficult to measure the relative permeability of the gas phase at the stage of low water saturation [21]. Prediction of water saturation through centrifugation or drying destroys the pore structure of sandstone and affects the accuracy of the measurement of gas-water relative permeability [1,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous research findings noted earlier, it is difficult for researchers to measure the gas-water relative permeability when the water saturation is lower than the bound water saturation [15]. The effects of various factors such as salt sensitivity [12,16], stress sensitivity [13,15], and gas slippage effect were ignored [11,20,21]. Based on this, a gas-water phase seepage model was established to calculate the theoretical range of the permeability jail, which aided in the determination of the prediction range of the permeability jail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study on the permeability jail range of tight gas reservoirs through the gas–water relative permeability curve

et al. 2022

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The permeability jail refers to a specific water saturation range in a tight gas reservoir, where almost no gas or water phase can flow effectively. In the process of drilling and fracturing, water saturation rises and falls into the permeability jail. To reduce or avoid falling into the permeability jail in the recovery process, a method for measuring gas–water relative permeability of tight sandstone is established here that considers salt sensitivity, gas slippage effect, stress sensitivity, and high bound water saturation. Then, the permeability jail range was determined to provide guidance and suggestions for field application. Considering a typical tight sandstone as an example, the proposed method was used to expand the measurement range of gas–water relative permeability and observe the permeability jail range, laying an experimental foundation for accurately determining the permeability jail range in a given formation. The Byrnes model can preliminarily predict the permeability jail range with accurate bound water saturation and residual gas saturation. When the permeability jail phenomenon occurs in the core, the larger the permeability is, the smaller the permeability jail range will be; and the larger the porosity is, the smaller the permeability jail range will be. When the permeability jail phenomenon occurs in the tight sandstone reservoir, the damage to the reservoir due to external fluid and solid phased particles should be strictly controlled. The damage is stronger, the permeability and porosity decline, and the permeability jail range is wider. Other gases or solvents can be used as fracturing fluids to minimize formation damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%