Evaluation of non-microbial salivary caries activity parameters and salivary biochemical indicators in predicting dental caries

Kaur, Avineet; Kwatra, KS; Kamboj, P

doi:10.4103/0970-4388.105013

Cited by 50 publications

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“…20 Furthermore, various studies have shown that altered salivary pH, BC and ALP levels are associated with the formation or development of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes, orthodontic tooth movements, cancer, abdominal inflammatory diseases and the early onset of menopause. 3,4,12,13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In the current study, salivary pH was lower among smokers in comparison to non-smokers; although the mean values found seem to reflect a minimal difference between the two groups (7.42 versus 7.52, respectively), even very small alterations in pH can influence salivary enzyme activity. 6 Additionally, BC was significant lower among smokers in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel¹,

Falsafi²,

Goodarzi³

et al. 2016

SQUMJ

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abstract:Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage-and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…11 High salivary pH and BC have been found to lead to better oral health outcomes and a lower incidence of dental caries. 12 Bagherian et al reported lower pH and BC values among children without caries. 13 In contrast, another study indicated lower resting salivary pH values among individuals with dental caries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel¹,

Falsafi²,

Goodarzi³

et al. 2016

SQUMJ

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“…The volume of stimulated saliva was then measured as described for the unstimulated saliva above and the flow rate calculated. The obtained flow rates were divided in three categories: very low (<0.7 mL min -1 , as diagnostic criterion for hyposalivation), low (0.7-1.0 mL min -1 ), and normal (>1.0 mL min -1 ) (26,27). Salivary sCD14 secretion rates (ng min -1 ) were calculated from the saliva volume (mL) in one minute and the corresponding sCD14 concentration (ng mL -1 ).…”

Section: Saliva Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary sCD14 as a potential biomarker of dental caries activity in adults

Prester

Protrka²,

Macan

et al. 2017

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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CD14 is a co-receptor involved in the recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the latter known to cause dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine whether soluble CD14 (sCD14) in saliva was associated with caries activity and the collection method from the saliva. The study included 55 participants aged 20 to 40 years, 30 with dental caries and 25 caries-free controls. We collected 110 saliva samples in total, 55 of resting saliva and 55 of mechanically stimulated saliva. Median levels of sCD14, measured with a matrix-matched enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were higher in the caries-active than in the caries-free group in either resting (203.3 vs.167.9 ng mL ; P<0.01). Hyposalivation was observed only in the caries-active group (10 and 13 % in stimulated and resting saliva, respectively). Higher salivary sCD14 levels and secretion rates were clearly associated with dental caries and resting saliva. Future studies should focus on the clinical utility of salivary sCD14 as a potential biomarker and predictor of future caries events.

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“…16 This finding agrees with many other studies. 17,18,19 The results of this study showed that lower salivary inorganic phosphorus concentration of nursing caries children (10.99±1.37mg/dl) than that of the caries free children (11.916±1.390mg/dl) with statistical highly significant differences between them. On the other hand, a negative correlation between the salivary concentration of inorganic phosphorus in children with nursing caries and dmfs index was found, and the statistical difference was at highly significant level.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 71%

Evaluation of salivary calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase level in children (4-6 years) with nursing caries in Erbil City

Omer

Khoshnaw²

2017

Zanco J Med Sci

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Background and objective:Nursing caries is a complex and severe form of tooth decay that affects a child's teeth and leads to severe pain, teeth loss, and psychological problems. This type of decay is caused by primary factors (host, cariogenic bacteria, fermentable carbohydrate and the time) and other secondary factors. Besides, the dental caries influence by the role of saliva as a defense system. These defense systems include clearance, buffering, antimicrobial agents, and calcium and phosphate delivery for remineralization. This study aimed to find out the relationship between calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase of unstimulated saliva in children with nursing caries. Methods:The sample included 374 children aged 4-6 years; 324 were the study group (with nursing caries) while 50 were control group (caries-free). The case sheet and questionnaire included the child's feeding habits and oral hygiene. A 1.5-2 ml of saliva was collected from the selected children using spitting technique. The method included dental examination for the recording of the dmft and dmfs indices, and saliva analysis to determine the level of salivary calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in control and study groups. Results:The study group children demonstrated a statistically highly significant (P ≤0.01) higher saliva calcium (5.229 ± 0.963 mg/dl) and alkaline phosphatase concentrations (6.321 ± 1.792 KAU/dl) than the control group (4.968± 0.757mg/dl, 5.384 ± 2.119 KAU/dl), respectively. The same group demonstrated a statistically highly significant (P ≤0.01) lower inorganic phosphorus concentration (10.991 ± 1.376 mg/dl) than the control group (11.961 ± 1.484 mg/dl). The study group showed a lower percentage of breastfeeding (28.4%) in comparison to the control group (42.0%). Concerning mix-feeding, the study group showed the higher percentage (45.4%) in comparison to the control group (32.0%). The bottle-fed found to be equal in both groups, there was a statistically non-significant difference between the study and control group. Conclusion: Salivary calcium and alkaline phosphatase level have a major role in causing nursing caries in children. On the other hand, salivary inorganic phosphorus level showed a negative correlation with caries activity (dmfs). The type of infant feeding has no effect on the children with nursing caries. Keywords: Saliva; Nursing caries; Calcium; Alkaline phosphatase; dmft; dmfs. The early loss of deciduous teeth may create functional and esthetic problems and may lead to the loss in arch length that may interfere with the proper alignment of the permanent teeth. Therefore, preventive measures should be directed to retain primary teeth until their normal shedding time. 4 Iraqi studies were present regarding the correlation between salivary calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase with dental caries.5 While no previous study about this subject had been done in Erbil city, therefore, this study was carried out as an attempt to determine the relation of calcium, phosphorus and al...

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Evaluation of non-microbial salivary caries activity parameters and salivary biochemical indicators in predicting dental caries

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Salivary sCD14 as a potential biomarker of dental caries activity in adults

Evaluation of salivary calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase level in children (4-6 years) with nursing caries in Erbil City

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