Evaluation of NO2 column variations over the atmosphere of Kazakhstan using satellite data

Darynova, Zhuldyz; Maksot, Aigerim; Kulmukanova, Lyazzat; Malekipirbazari, Milad; Sharifi, Hamed; Torkmahalleh, Mehdi Amouei; Holloway, Tracey

doi:10.1117/1.jrs.12.042610

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…e NO 2 concentration level in autumn was the highest, and there could be large nitrogen oxide emissions produced by biomass combustion in Akedala, as agricultural crop residues are burned not only as household fuel, but also directly in the fields, especially during the autumn harvest season, which may result in serious local and regional pollution [67]. NO 2 mixing ratios exhibited a downward trend in the spring and summer from a monthly point of view, and the average NO 2 value was the highest, at 4.51 ppb, in March, and lowest, at 2.28 ppb, in August.…”

Section: Variation Characteristics Of Reactive Gas Mixing Ratio In the Akedala Atmospheric Background Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Source Regions and Transportation Pathways of Reactive Gases at a Regional Background Site in Northwestern China

Zhao

Jin

et al. 2021

Advances in Meteorology

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Reactive gases (O3, CO, NO2, and SO2) were collected hourly at the Akedala regional background station in northwestern China during September 2017 to August 2018. Wind rose, cluster analysis, potential source contribution function (PSCF), and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) methods were adopted for identifying the transport pathways and potential source regions of these atmosphere components at Akedala. The average O3, CO, NO2, and SO2 mixing ratios detected were 29.65 ± 11.44 ppb, 123.78 ± 73.35 ppb, 3.79 ± 0.98 ppb, and 4.59 ± 0.88 ppb during the observation period, and the statistical results of the monthly mean values revealed that there were differences during the highest pollution period, with O3 and CO mainly peaking in February, with mixing ratios of 38.03 ± 7.10 ppb and 208.50 ± 106.50 ppb, respectively. Meanwhile, NO2 peaked in March (4.51 ± 0.54 ppb) and SO2 in January (5.70 ± 1.92 ppb). The most obvious diurnal variation of CO and SO2 was observed in the winter, with maximum levels reaching between 13 : 00 and 14 : 00. The diurnal variations of O3 exhibited low values during the night and maximum values in the afternoon (16 : 00–18 : 00). Diurnal variation was not significant in the case of NO2. Cluster analysis showed that six main paths affected the Akedala atmosphere. In turn, the PSCF and CWT analysis results indicated that the Akedala reactive gas was affected by both local and foreign sources. The high PSCF value of the reactive gas potential source areas appeared in eastern Kazakhstan, northern Xinjiang, Western Mongolia, and Southern Russia. The WCWT (weighted concentration-weight trajectory) values of CO and SO2 in winter were the highest, totaling 180–240 ppb and 5–6.5 ppb, respectively. The WCWT value of O3 in the spring and summer was higher than that in the autumn and winter. The main source area of O3 was about 32–36 ppb in the spring and summer, and the main source area of NO2 in the summer had a low WCWT value of 3–3.5 ppb, whereas the NO2 WCWT value was concentrated at 4–4.5 ppb in the other seasons.

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Section: Variation Characteristics Of Reactive Gas Mixing Ratio In the Akedala Atmospheric Background Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Source Regions and Transportation Pathways of Reactive Gases at a Regional Background Site in Northwestern China

Zhao

Jin

et al. 2021

Advances in Meteorology

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“…According to regression model analysis (RMA) for seasonal and monthly variations, all ambient air pollutants showed statistically remarkable seasonal and monthly variations ( Figure S1(a,b), Figure 2 www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ ppb), when SR ( Figure S2a), temperature ( Figure S2a), hydroxyl radical as the most important oxidant species for the formation of O 3 , VOCs and photochemical reactions are higher 26,27 . Observed seasonal and monthly patterns for PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO can be attributed to a combination of unfavorable meteorological conditions, including stagnant weather, reduced horizontal and vertical WS, higher nebulosity, reduced sunshine time, lower SR, temperature inversion and lower the boundary layer during the coldest seasons and months compared to summer and spring months ( Figure S2) [28][29][30][31] . In relation to PM 10 , exactly similar to Ahvaz city, Middle East dust storm was responsible for the peak concentration of PM 10 during summer in Tehran 11,[32][33][34][35] .…”

Section: Seasonal and Monthly Patterns Of Ambient Air Pollutants To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017

Yousefian

Faridi

Azimi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

124

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We investigated temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and the influences of meteorological parameters on their concentrations using a robust method; convergent cross mapping; in Tehran (2012-2017). Tehran citizens were consistently exposed to annual PM 2.5 , PM 10 and no 2 approximately 3.0-4.5, 3.5-4.5 and 1.5-2.5 times higher than the World Health Organization air quality guideline levels during the period. Except for O 3 , all air pollutants demonstrated the lowest and highest concentrations in summertime and wintertime, respectively. The highest O 3 concentrations were found on weekend (weekend effect), whereas other ambient air pollutants had statistically significant (P < 0.05) daily variations in which higher concentrations were observed on weekdays compared to weekend (holiday effect). Hourly O 3 concentration reached its peak at 3.00 p.m., though other air pollutants displayed two peaks; morning and late night. Approximately 45% to 65% of AQI values were in the subcategory of unhealthy for sensitive groups and PM 2.5 was the responsible air pollutant in Tehran. Amongst meteorological factors, temperature was the key influencing factor for PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations, while nebulosity and solar radiation exerted major influences on ambient SO 2 and o 3 concentrations. Additionally, there is a moderate coupling between wind speed and NO 2 and CO concentrations.

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“…Consequently, CO 2 emissions increased by a factor of 1.5 for the period between 2005 and 2014 11 . Both the economic growth and the rise of CO 2 emissions in Kazakhstan are related to oil and coal production as half of the energy of the country is produced from coal while the oil sector is the main source of economic income 10 . In 2014, Kazakhstan had the world’s highest household coal consumption per capita (157 kgcap) despite the fact that the country has an abundance of natural gas 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Economic indicators and energy data show that the gross domestic product (GDP) of Kazakhstan has multiplied by roughly a factor of six between 2002 and 2016 10 . Consequently, CO 2 emissions increased by a factor of 1.5 for the period between 2005 and 2014 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

SO2 and HCHO over the major cities of Kazakhstan from 2005 to 2016: influence of political, economic and industrial changes

Darynova

Torkmahalleh

Abdrakhmanov

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Satellite observations of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for tropospheric sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) column mass densities (CMD) are analyzed for the period 2005-2016 over the atmosphere of Kazakhstan. Regarding SO 2 the major hot spots relate to regions with high population and large industrial facilities. Such an example is the city of Ekibastuz that hosts the biggest thermal power plants in the country and exhibits the higher SO 2 CMD at national level. The annual average CMD in Ekibastuz reaches 2.5 × 10 −5 kg/m 2 , whereas for the rest of the country respective values are 6 times lower. Other hotspots, mostly urban conglomerates such as Almaty and Nur-Sultan, experience high CMDs of SO 2 in particular years, such as 2008. One of the main reasons for this behavior is the financial crisis of 2008, forcing the application of alternate heating sources based on cheap low-quality coal. Regarding HCHO, an oxygenated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), the main hot spot is noticed over the city Atyrau, the oil capital of the country where two massive oil fields are located. The highest HCHO CMD (9 × 10 15 molecules/cm 2) appears in the summertime due to secondary production as a result of the photo-oxidation of VOCs emitted by industrial sectors, oil refinery plants and vehicles. Strongly elevated HCHO amounts are also observed in Nur-Sultan in 2012 that could be due to the residential coal combustion and vehicle exhaust under poor winter dispersion conditions. Significant reductions in HCHO observed between 2012 and 2015 can be attributed to two significant measures implemented in the country in 2013 that aimed at the improvement of air quality: the introduction of the emission trading system (ETS) for greenhouse gases and Euro-4 standards for new vehicles entering the national vehicle fleet. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) is emitted to the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning, mainly coal and residual oil as well as from volcanic eruptions. The atmospheric residence lifetime of sulfur dioxide is 2-7 days, and its main loss mechanism in the atmosphere is oxidation to form sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). Atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) is mainly formed through the oxidation of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the atmosphere 1. Apart from the photochemical oxidation, which contributes to 70-90% of the vertical column density (CMD) of atmospheric HCHO in urban areas 2, combustion, biogenic activities and biomass burning account for the majority of primary emissions. The loss of HCHO occurs by photolysis and reaction with hydroxyl radical (OH) 1. HCHO levels play a significant role in controlling the ozone concentrations in urban areas since formaldehyde photolysis is an important source of hydroperoxy radicals 1. The hydroperoxy radicals contribute to the ozone production cycle. Long term monitoring of the atmospheric formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide by satellites may assist in determining the major sources of these compounds.

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Evaluation of NO2 column variations over the atmosphere of Kazakhstan using satellite data

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Potential Source Regions and Transportation Pathways of Reactive Gases at a Regional Background Site in Northwestern China

Potential Source Regions and Transportation Pathways of Reactive Gases at a Regional Background Site in Northwestern China

Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017

SO2 and HCHO over the major cities of Kazakhstan from 2005 to 2016: influence of political, economic and industrial changes

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