Evaluation of no-choice cage, detached leaf and diet incorporation assays to screen chickpeas for resistance to the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Shankar, M.; Sharma, H. C.; Babu, T. Ramesh; Sridevi, D.

doi:10.1017/s1742758413000374

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Heavy rains in the 2010-11 post-rainy season possibly washed out the organic acids on the chickpea leaves (Sharma et al, 2010), resulting in reduced differences in leaf feeding and larval survival between the genotypes tested. Lower leaf feeding, larval survival and larval mass gain were recorded on EC 583260, EC 583264 and ICC 12475 (Shankar et al, 2014). Narayanamma et al, 2007 reported low larval survival and mass gain on ICC 12475.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The test genotypes, ICCL 86111 and ICC 3137, which had shown resistant and susceptible reaction under field conditions, respectively (Shankar et al, 2013), were grown under field and greenhouse conditions at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India (latitude 17.53 0 N, longitude 78.27 0 E and an altitude of 545 m).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of detached leaf assay to screen chickpeas for resistance to beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808)

MARLABEEDU¹,

MISHRA²,

SHARMA³

et al. 2023

Acta Agric. Slov.

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The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) is an important pest of several economically important crops, and recently emerged as a serious pest of chickpea in South Central India. We standardized a detached leaf assay technique to evaluate chickpea germplasm and segregating populations for resistance to this pest under laboratory conditions. Two chickpea genotypes ICCL 86111 and ICC 3137 grown under field and greenhouse conditions were used for the detached leaf assay at the vegetative and flowering stages. The terminal branches were infested with 5, 10, 15, and 20 neonate larvae of S. exigua. The test genotypes were also infested with 2, 4, 6 and 8 third-instar larvae at the podding stage. At the vegetative stage, ICCL 86111 suffered less damage than ICC 3137 across infestation levels. The differences in larval survival between the genotypes were significant, and larval survival was lower on ICCL 86111 than on ICC 3137 across infestation levels. The results suggested that infesting the chickpea terminal branches with 10–15 neonate larvae per branch at the vegetative stage or six third-instar larvae at the podding stage can be used to evaluate chickpea genotypes for resistance to S. exigua.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of detached leaf assay to screen chickpeas for resistance to beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808)

MARLABEEDU¹,

MISHRA²,

SHARMA³

et al. 2023

Acta Agric. Slov.

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“…In India, the beet armyworm inflicts damage on a wide range of crops such as cotton, castor bean, spinach, tomato, cabbage, chillies, and alfalfa. Occasionally, outbreaks of this pest lead to substantial economic losses in various economically important crops across India 4 – 7 . Availability of host plants of both highly suitable and less suitable or non-suitable host plants can influence the S. exigua spatio-temporal population dynamics, density, spread, and distribution pattern in the agricultural landscape 7 , 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-season survival and life history of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) on various host plants

Rajesh Chowdary,

Suneel Kumar,

Bharathi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has become a significant pest of chickpea in recent years. The polyphagous nature allows it to survive on various hosts during the off-season, creating a great menace to the crop in the following season. To assess the incidence and document the alternate hosts of S. exigua, a rapid roving survey was conducted in 11 chickpea-growing areas of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Additionally, the life history traits of S. exigua were studied on major alternate host plants under laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 2% RH) to understand the survival, life expectancy and potential contribution to future populations. The results show that, among the different crops surveyed, the maximum larval incidence was noticed in maize (1.93 larvae/plant), cowpea (1.73 larvae/plant), and sunflower (1.68 larvae/plant) during the off-season. Life history studies of S. exigua showed that highest larval survival percentage was observed on chickpea (83.6%), while the lowest was on maize (44.5%). The mean developmental time for larvae was longest on maize (27.1 days) and shortest on chickpea (14.9 days). Larvae did not develop beyond the third instar when fed with chilli. The growth index statistics showed chickpea (9.2) was the most suitable host plant, whereas maize (0.9) was the least suitable host. The age-stage-specific survival rate (Sxj) varied across developmental stages, and the survival curves overlapped, indicating different growth rates among individuals. The life expectancy (exj) at age zero was highest on groundnut (37.06 days). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of S. exigua was lowest on maize (0.10 ± 0.0013) and highest on chickpea (0.22 ± 0.0010). Similarly, the net reproductive rate (R0) was highest on chickpea (846.39 ± 18.22) and lowest on maize (59.50 ± 2.06). The population doubled every 3.08 ± 0.011 days on chickpea compared to 7.22 ± 0.80 days on maize. The study conclusively indicates that chickpea and sunflower, primarily cultivated during the rabi season in India, are the most preferred hosts for S. exigua. In contrast, maize and cotton, mainly grown during the kharif season, are less preferred and merely support the pest's survival. Consequently, S. exigua switches hosts between different crops growing seasons, so effective management of S. exigua during the kharif season can help prevent pest outbreaks during the rabi season.

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“…(barrel medic), have been shown to lose their resistance against aphids when excised tissues were used (Klingler et al., ; Liu & McCreight, ). Nevertheless, the excised leaf assay is a simple and convenient method, and is still used in some research; however, the reason for the altered resistance to aphids after leaf detachment remains largely unknown (Shankar et al., ; Stobbs et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloem nutrition of detached cabbage leaves varies with leaf age and influences performance of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Aphids mainly feed on the phloem sap of host plants and their performance is determined by nutrients and defensive metabolites in their diet. Plant leaves are connected with each other by phloem bundles and thus plant resistance to aphids may require the leaves be intact. Excised plant tissues usually have different resistance levels to aphids compared with intact plants; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we found that the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), strongly preferred detached young cabbage leaves, but exhibited a poorer performance on these leaves than on detached mature leaves. Compared with other leaves, detached young leaves contained higher levels of arginine, asparagine, methionine, and valine, whereas young leaves showed a very poor phloem nutritional quality, reflected by significantly lower amino acid concentrations in aphid honeydew. In contrast, honeydew produced by aphids feeding on detached old leaves and mature leaves contained higher total amino acid concentrations and lower total sugar contents, indicating higher phloem nutritional quality. Because honeydew excretion rates were comparable among aphids feeding on different leaves, the poorer performance of aphids on detached young leaves may be explained by the lower nutritional quality and food quantity that aphids had ingested. On the other hand, levels of most glucosinolates were the highest in detached young leaves and the lowest in detached old leaves, suggesting that the higher attractiveness of young leaves for aphids is not likely determined by glucosinolates. These results suggest that total amino acids that aphids can ingest play a key role in determining aphid performance. Future studies on plant resistance to aphids should focus on both phloem nutritional quality and aphid feeding rate, and should avoid using excised leaves or detached plant tissues.

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Evaluation of no-choice cage, detached leaf and diet incorporation assays to screen chickpeas for resistance to the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Standardization of detached leaf assay to screen chickpeas for resistance to beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808)

Standardization of detached leaf assay to screen chickpeas for resistance to beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808)

Off-season survival and life history of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) on various host plants

Phloem nutrition of detached cabbage leaves varies with leaf age and influences performance of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae

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