Evaluation of NMU-Induced Breast Cancer Treated with Sirolimus and Sunitinib on Breast Cancer Growth

Abstract

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a wide variety of clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics, the most commonly diagnosed cancer among females and the leading cause of women cancer death (Bray et al., 2018). According to the Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report (2019), breast cancer accounted for 34.1% of all female cancer cases. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Malaysia with total of 21,634 cases of female breast cancer was diagnosed for the period of 2012(Azizah, 2019. Hence, it is compulsory to conduct research to understand the pathogenesis of breast cancer and discover the targeted therapy for the detection and treatment of breast cancer.Estrogen hormone is important in normal mammary cells to regulate growth, differentiation and maintain homeostasis. Estrogen can acts as a mitogen that stimulates breast tissue to mitosis, and certain metabolites of estrogen also can act as carcinogens or genotoxin that directly damaging DNA, thereby causing cancer cells to form