Evaluation of New Volatility Indices for Modern Fuels

Jorgensen, Scott W.; Eng, King D.; Evans, Beth; McNally, Michael P.; Musser, George; Richardson, Christopher A.; Whelan, David; Ziegel, Eric R.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-1549

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Gasoline, also referred to as gasolene, is a homogeneous mixture of volatile chemical constituents used as fuel for internal combustion engines [1]. It is well-known to automobile engineers that the volatility of gasoline plays a critical role in affecting vehicle drivability and operation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectangular Cavity Sensor for Distinguishing Between Normal and High-Drivability-Index Gasolines

2020

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The Drivability Index (DI) of gasoline is a measure of fuel performance of engine operations. Therefore, distinguishing a gasoline of specific DI in advance is useful for improving engine efficiency and maintenance. We consider the problem of distinguishing between normal gasoline and HiDI (High DI) gasolines and propose an electromagnetic wave-based rectangular cavity sensor. For commercialization, it is designed to have a simple structure and basic resonance mode TM110 in the common frequency range of 5 GHz to 6 GHz. The proposed sensor has a simple structure of monopole radiating electromagnetic waves and a metal rectangular cavity containing gasoline samples. By considering one commercial normal gasoline sample of permittivity 2.157 and five HiDI gasoline samples of permittivity in the range of 2.018 to 2.218, we obtain 11.5 MHz resonance separation at room temperature to the closest HiDI sample from the simulation and 8 MHz resonance separation from the fabricated sensor experiment. To verify the feasibility of the fabricated sensor under temperature variation from 0°C to 20°C, we derived a simple linear distinction function of resonance frequency and S11 parameter and obtained a minimum 4.4MHz resonance separation. These results showed that the distinction performance for normal gasoline is robust to temperature variations. Furthermore, we showed that the distinction property is robust to design parameter errors, installation position variations and sensing time variations. These results show that the proposed sensor can be utilized effectively for distinguishing normal gasoline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectangular Cavity Sensor for Distinguishing Between Normal and High-Drivability-Index Gasolines

2020

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“…In particular, the temperatures (in degrees Farenheit) at which 10%, 50%, and 90% of the sample are distilled are , , and . The definition of DI for gasoline without oxygenates is (1) Equation (1) implies that a fuel with a higher DI has a lower volatility. Under the same conditions, more fuel is needed to start an engine if the fuel has a higher DI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of its composition on engine performance has been carefully studied. These studies have found that a single parameter, Manuscript the driveability index (DI), can be used to quantify the effect of fuel volatility on engine operation [1], [2]. In the U.S., for gasoline without added oxygenates (like ethanol), DI is defined in terms of a simple laboratory test: procedure D 86, as established by the American Society for Testing and Materials [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An On-Vehicle Fuel Driveability Index Sensor

et al. 2004

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The driveability of a vehicle is important to both drivers and vehicle manufacturers. Good driveability can provide drivers with a better driving experience and can result in lower vehicle emissions. The driveability is closely related to the volatility of the fuel used, which is characterized by the driveability index (DI). A sensor of fuel DI has been fabricated and tested on a vehicle. One version is a metal sensor which has an interdigitated cube structure. The sensor element is located in the vapor dome of the fuel tank and is bathed in fuel while the fuel pump is on. After the pump is turned off, a reproducible volume of fuel is retained between the capacitor plates in the sensor element. The sensor element heats the fuel sample, causing it to evaporate while the temperature and remaining liquid volume are monitored. Fuels with different volatility yield differing evaporation rates. By monitoring the fuel level rate of decline as a function of its temperature, a characteristic curve related to the fuel volatility is measured. Six nonoxygenated fuels were used to test the sensor concept. It was found that there was a good correlation between the sensor result and the fuel DI.

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Phase equilibria of ethanol fuel blends

French

Malone

2005

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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Evaluation of New Volatility Indices for Modern Fuels

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Rectangular Cavity Sensor for Distinguishing Between Normal and High-Drivability-Index Gasolines

Rectangular Cavity Sensor for Distinguishing Between Normal and High-Drivability-Index Gasolines

An On-Vehicle Fuel Driveability Index Sensor

Phase equilibria of ethanol fuel blends

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