Evaluation of neutron techniques for illicit substance detection

Fink, C.L.; Micklich, B.J.; Yule, T.J.; Humm, Paul G.; Sagalovsky, L.; Martin, M.M.

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(95)00232-4

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…4. Its front-end consists of a fast plastic scintillator (BC400), 220x220x10mm 3 in dimensions. Neutrons interact in the plastic and transfer part of their energy to a proton.…”

Section: Scintillator With Intensified Ccd Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The object is illuminated by a pulsed neutron beam of broad-energy distribution (0.8 -10 MeV) and the energy dependence of neutron transmission through an object is measured via the time-of-flight (TOF) technique. This method has been applied to the detection of elements such as C, O, N and H for determining the composition of agricultural products and for detecting contraband [3,4]. A system for detecting of explosives in passenger bags based on this method has also been constructed and tested [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging

Dangendorf

Kersten

Laczko

et al. 2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…4. Its front-end consists of a fast plastic scintillator (BC400), 220x220x10mm 3 in dimensions. Neutrons interact in the plastic and transfer part of their energy to a proton.…”

Section: Scintillator With Intensified Ccd Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging

Dangendorf

Kersten

Laczko

et al. 2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Systems are being developed which employ multiple sensors to determine the presence of explosives on people, including observing and following individuals with intelligent video, identifying explosive residues or heat signatures on the outer surface of their clothing, or by characterizing explosives using penetrating X-rays [1,2], terahertz waves [3][4][5], neutron analysis [6,7] or Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sar Imaging of Suicide Bombers Wearing Concealed Explosive Threats

Martínez-Lorenzo¹,

Quivira²,

Rappaport³

2012

PIER

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Abstract-This paper deals with the problem of detecting potential suicide bombers wearing concealed metallic and dielectric objects. The data produced by Millimeter-Wave-Radar system, working on a Multiple Frequency-Multiple Transmitters and Multiple Receivers configuration (MF-MTMR), is synthetically generated by an electromagnetic code based on Finite Differences Frequency Domain (FDFD) method. The numerical code provides the scattered field produced by the subject under test, which is later processed by using a multiple bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) algorithm. The blurring effect produced by the Point Spread Function (PSF) in the SAR image is removed by applying a regularized deconvolution algorithm that uses only magnitude information (no phase). Finally, the SAR algorithm and the deconvolution procedure are tested on a person wearing metallic and dielectric objects. The SAR response of dielectric rods is quite different from the metallic pipes. Our algorithm not only distinguishes between cases but also is capable of estimating the dielectric constant of the rods. Each constitutive parameter directly maps to the dielectric constant of explosive compounds, such as TNT or RDX, making feasible the detection of potential suicide bombers.

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“…Previous work using Monte Carlo simulations of the transmission for relatively simple phantoms [2,6] has shown good agreement between calculated and exact projection densities.…”

Section: A Elemental Unfoldingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of few-view reconstruction parameters for illicit substance detection using fast-neutron transmission spectroscopy

Fink¹,

Humm²,

Martin³

et al.

1995 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record

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We have evaluated the performance of an illicit substance detection system that performs image reconstruction using the Maximum Likelihood algebraic reconstruction algorithm, a few number of projections, and relatively coarse projection and pixel resolution. This evaluation was done using receiver operator curves and simulated data from the fast-neutron transmission spectroscopy system operated in a mode to detect explosives in luggage. The results show that increasing the number of projection angles is more important than increasing the projection resolution, the reconstructed pixel resolution, or the number of iterations in the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. A 100% detection efficiency with essentially no false positives is possible for a square block of RDX explosive, a projection resolution of 2 cm, a reconstructed pixel size of 2x2 cm, and five projection angles. For rectangular shaped explosives more angles are required to obtain the same system performance. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of the University of Pennsylvania's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it. AbstractWe have evaluated the performance of an illicit substance detection system that performs image reconstruction using the Maximum Likelihood algebraic reconstruction algorithm, a few number of projections, and relatively coarse projection and pixel resolution. This evaluation was done using receiver operator curves and simulated data from the fast-neutron transmission spectroscopy system operated in a mode to detect explosives in luggage. The results show that increasing the number of projection angles is more important than increasing the projection resolution, the reconstructed pixel resolution, or the number of iterations in the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. A 100% detection efficiency with essentially no false positives is possible for a square block of RDX explosive, a projection resolution of 2 cm, a reconstructed pixel size of 2x2 cm, and five projection angles. For rectangular shaped explosives more angles are required to obtain the same system performance.

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Evaluation of neutron techniques for illicit substance detection

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging

Detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging

Sar Imaging of Suicide Bombers Wearing Concealed Explosive Threats

Evaluation of few-view reconstruction parameters for illicit substance detection using fast-neutron transmission spectroscopy

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