Evaluation of near surface material degradation in concrete using nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves

Gross, Jonah M.; Kim, Jin‐Yeon; Jacobs, Laurence J.; Kurtis, Kimberly E.; Qu, Jianmin

doi:10.1063/1.4789194

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recent efforts to improve the sensitivity of ultrasonic measurements to microcracking damage and other microstructural modifications in concrete have focused on nonlinear [12]- [15], [16]and diffuse field measurements [17]- [23]. The nonlinear measurements use amplitude dependent softening [12]- [14] through nonlinear resonance spectroscopy or higher harmonic generation [15], [16]phenomena to extract nonlinear signal parameters. The extracted nonlinear parameters demonstrate superior sensitivity to the presence of damage, including the early stages of microcracking, as compared with conventional coherent ultrasonic wave velocity and attenuation measurements.…”

Section: Figure 1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem) Images Of Concrementioning

confidence: 99%

A contactless ultrasonic surface wave approach to characterize distributed cracking damage in concrete

et al. 2017

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We describe an approach that utilizes ultrasonic surface wave backscatter measurements to characterize the volume content of relatively small distributed defects (microcrack networks) in concrete. A simplified weak scattering model is used to demonstrate that the scattered wave field projected in the direction of the surface wave propagation is relatively insensitive to scatterers that are smaller than the propagating wavelength, while the scattered field projected in the opposite direction is more sensitive to sub-wavelength scatterers. Distributed microcracks in the concrete serve as the small scatterers that interact with a propagating surface wave. Data from a finite element simulation were used to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach, and also to optimize a testing configuration to collect data. Simulations were validated through experimental measurements of ultrasonic backscattered surface waves from test samples of concrete constructed with different concentrations of fiber filler (0.0, 0.3 and 0.6%) to mimic increasing microcrack volume density and then samples with actual cracking induced by controlled thermal cycles. A surface wave was induced in the concrete samples by a 50kHz ultrasonic source operating 10mm above the surface at an angle of incidence of 9°. Silicon-based miniature MEMS acoustic sensors located a few millimeters above the concrete surface both behind and in front of the sender were used to detect leaky ultrasonic surface waves emanating from concrete. A normalized backscattered energy parameter was calculated from the signals. Statistically significant differences in the normalized backscattered energy were observed between concrete samples with varying levels of simulated and actual cracking damage volume.

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Section: Figure 1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem) Images Of Concrementioning

confidence: 99%

A contactless ultrasonic surface wave approach to characterize distributed cracking damage in concrete

et al. 2017

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“…Examples of nonclassical nonlinearity include energy dissipation via hysteresis and contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN) 19 . Gross et al 20 used nonlinear Rayleigh waves for characterizing carbonation in concrete materials. Kim et al 21 used second harmonics for microcrack detection in concrete and mortar samples using nonlinear Rayleigh waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation of damaged concrete based on mixed harmonic generation

Aslam

Nagarajan

Remanan

2022

Structural Contr & Hlth

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Nonlinear wave mixing provides a potential method to evaluate localized micro-damage in structures. The wave mixing technique has some unique advantages over the nonlinear ultrasonic technique based on the higher harmonic generation, such as frequency selectivity, which can separate harmonic components generated due to instrumentation. In this paper, we numerically studied the frequency mixing response induced by the nonlinear interaction of two primary Rayleigh waves in a concrete material. The nonlinearity considered in the present study is due to crack-wave interaction, which is often called contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN). A limited number of experimental studies were conducted on concrete prisms to evaluate surface cracks. Both numerical and experimental results illustrate the generation of the second-and thirdorder combined harmonics, which can be utilized to detect and localize subsurface cracks in concrete structures. The newly discovered third-order combined harmonics, which result from the mutual interaction between the primary Rayleigh waves and their induced second-harmonic waves, can be exploited to characterize micro-damage in various applications.

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“…Meanwhile, many studies have investigated the acoustic nonlinearity parameter of surface acoustic waves [3,4,[15][16][17][18][19]. In this regard, an indirect method to measure the acoustic nonlinearity parameter of surface acoustic waves has also been studied for the case of similar test and reference materials [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Method for Measuring Absolute Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter Using Surface Acoustic Waves with a Fully Non-Contact Laser-Ultrasonic Technique

Jun

Jhang

2020

Applied Sciences

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This paper proposes an indirect method to measure absolute acoustic nonlinearity parameters using surface acoustic waves by employing a fully non-contact laser-ultrasonic technique. For this purpose, the relationship between the ratio of relative acoustic nonlinearity parameters measured using the proposed method in two different materials (a test material and a reference material) and the ratio of absolute acoustic nonlinearity parameters in these two materials was theoretically derived. Using this relationship, when the absolute nonlinearity parameter of the reference material is known, the absolute nonlinearity parameter of the test material can be obtained using the ratio of the measured relative parameters of the two materials. For experimental verification, aluminum and copper specimens were used as reference and test materials, respectively. The relative acoustic nonlinearity parameters of the two materials were measured from surface waves generated and received using lasers. Additionally, the absolute parameters of aluminum and copper were measured using a conventional direct measurement method, with the former being used as a reference value and the latter being used for comparison with the estimation result. The absolute parameter of copper estimated by the proposed method showed good agreement with the directly measured result.

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Evaluation of near surface material degradation in concrete using nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

A contactless ultrasonic surface wave approach to characterize distributed cracking damage in concrete

A contactless ultrasonic surface wave approach to characterize distributed cracking damage in concrete

Nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation of damaged concrete based on mixed harmonic generation

Indirect Method for Measuring Absolute Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter Using Surface Acoustic Waves with a Fully Non-Contact Laser-Ultrasonic Technique

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