Evaluation of nasopharyngeal microbiota role in development of chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome of ent organs in young children

Abstract

To assess the nasopharyngeal microbiota role in the development of chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome of ENT organs in young children, 40 children aged 2–3 years were examined. Cytological and cultural bacteriological studies of nasopharyngeal smears were carried out. Serological and molecular genetic analyzes of markers of herpesvirus infections (Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6)) in the blood, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence reaction (RIF) were performed with generic antiherpetic sera of the same name in scrapings of the pharyngeal tonsil. In the rhinocytogram, 57,14% of children had poor gram-positive cocci, characteristic of the normal state of the mucosa. In nasopharyngeal smears, the growth of microorganisms of opportunistic and saprophytic microbiota was not detected in a diagnostically significant amount in 19,44% of children; isolated growth of normal aerobic and/or facultative anaerobic microbiota was observed with the same frequency. Opportunistic microbiota was detected in 61,11% of cases, including associations of saprophytic microbiota and opportunistic microorganisms were detected in 27,78% of children. Most often, Staphylococcus aureus 54,55% was detected in children; known respiratory pathogens were found less frequently: Streptococcus pneumoniae 31,82%, Haemophilus influenzae 13,64%, Moraxella catarrhalis 13,64%. In the majority of patients, 77,27%, one type of pathobiont was identified. 100% infection with herpesvirus infections was established, including EBV 66,67%, CMV 56,41%, HHV-6 61,54%. Mixed infections dominated 69,23%, EBV infection prevailed among mono infections. The active stage of herpesvirus infection was established in 56,41% of children, of which 77,27% were mono infections, and 22,73% were mixed infections, among which 80% were EBV + HHV-6. Most frequently, there were detected the signs of active EBV infection 46,15%, HHV-6 reactivation was detected in 20,51% of cases, active CMV persistence was much less common 7,69%. The active stage of herpesvirus infections was confirmed by the study of brush-smears of the nasopharyngeal mucosa with immunofluorescence test and PCR. In general, the traditional semi-quantitative studies of cultures of bacterial colonies from samples of the pharyngeal tonsil biotope did not reveal a unified causative agent (pathogen) of chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome of ENT organs in young children.