Evaluation of mutagenic activity in the Nakdong river and advanced drinking water treatment processes

Abstract

The previously proved method of Ames test was followed to measure the mutagenic activity. We used Salmonella typhimurium which has special gene mutation site with a single compound characteristic and histidine operon, and measured at the four (Gumi, Gangjung, Gachang, Hyunpung) branch points of Nakdong river for one year. We used Standard Methods for general water analysis with the items as water temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, KMnO 4 , T-N, T-P, NH 3 -N, TOC, and AOX. Hyunpung branch, where the Nakdong and the Gumho river seems to be mixed enough, showed higher mutagenic activity than the other 3 branches. Every point of Nakdong river showed the TA98 mutagenic activity higher than 2, while TA100 was lower than 2. Most of the mutagenic activity was detected from methanol extracts. These results indicate that Nakdong river water quality is getting deteriorated, and that Nakdong river is influencing the mutagenic activity by Frame-shift type mutation and its polar substances. Correlations (R) between mutagenic activity and concentrations of water analysis items as TOC, AOX, BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P, resulted as 0.768, 0.787, 0.743, 0.688, 0.757, 0.628, respectively, and mutagenic activities of TA98 and TA100, after the treatment of ozone and activated carbon, decreased by chlorine pre-treatment. Finally, if the injected concentration of ozone was higher than 1.0 mL, TA98 and TA100 showed lower mutagenic activities than 2.

Διαχειριστικές Προτάσεις Για Το Στραγγιστικό Δίκτυο Ασμακίου

“…Για τα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά των ελληνικών ποταμών υπάρχουν πολλά σημαντικά άρθρα όπως αυτό της Kotti et al (2005) 1971, Hore et al 1975, Morel et al 1990, Van et al 1993, Moustaka and Nikolaidis 1994, Barankova and Ungerman 1996, Tryfon et al 1996, Justic 1997, Aspite and Klavins 1998, Moutin et al 1998, Vega et al 1998, Neal and Robson 2000, Flogi et al 2006, Kannel et al 2007, Lee 2007, Heejym 2008, Kumar and Reddy 2008, Chang 2008, Sood et al 2008, Miltner 2009, Venugopal Et al 2008, Tan et al 2010, Keenera et al 2009, Rixena et al 2009, Skoulikidis 2009, Yang et al 2010, Animoro 2009, Achudume 2009, Karami et al 2009, Mandal et al 2010), Sundaray 2010, Lee et al 2010, Wakawa et al 2010, Boskidis et al 2010, Alia et al 2011, Suthar et al 2010, Johnson et al 2010, Zhou et al 2011, Houser et al 2010, Bere and Tundisi 2010, ...…”