Evaluation of Muscle Strength in Medullar Injury: A Literature Review

Abstract

Objective: To identify the tools used to evaluate muscle strength in subjects with spinal cord injury in both clinical practice and scientific research. Methods: Initially, the literature review was carried out to identify the tools used in scientific research. The search was conducted in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Pedro, and PubMed. Studies published between 1990 and 2016 were considered and selected, depicting an evaluation of muscle strength as an endpoint or for characterization of the sample. Next, a survey was carried out with physiotherapists to identify the instruments used for evaluation in clinical practice, and the degree of satisfaction of professionals with respect to them. Results: 495 studies were found; 93 were included for qualitative evaluation. In the studies, we verified the use of manual muscle test with different graduation systems, isokinetic dynamometer, hand-held dynamometer, and manual dynamometer. In clinical practice, the manual muscle test using the motor score recommended by the American Spinal Cord Injury Association was the most used method, despite the limitations highlighted by the physiotherapists interviewed. Conclusion: In scientific research, there is great variation in the methods and tools used to evaluate muscle strength in individuals with spinal cord injury, differently from clinical practice. The tools available and currently used have important limitations, which were highlighted by the professionals interviewed. No instrument depicts direct relationship of muscle strength and functionality of the subject. There is no consensus as to the best method for assessing muscle strength in spinal cord injury, and new instruments are needed that are specific for use in this population.

Efeitos Do Ziclague Na Espasticidade E Seu Impacto Sobre a Força Muscular E Cinemática Da Marcha: Estudo De Caso

“…A força muscular foi classificada de acordo com a Escala de Oxford que apresenta uma graduação de cinco pontos tendo a força da gravidade como referência de resistência para o movimento 12 , sendo considerado grau 0 a ausência de contração muscular e grau 5 força muscular normal13. O tônus muscular foi analisado pela Escala Modificada de Ashworth que possui 6 graduações (grau 0, 1, 1+, 2, 3 ou 4), partindo de grau 0 como nenhum aumento no tônus muscular até grau 4 quando a parte afetada é rígida em flexão ou extensão 14 .…”