Evaluation of Multicast and Unicast Routing Protocols Performance for Group Communication with QoS Constraints in 802.11 Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Abstract

In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), portable devices like smartphones, or laptop PC can join together to make provisional networks without any infrastructure The objective of multicast or unicast protocols is to ensure an efficient route formation and flow control mechanism which is a very challenging issue for many group computing services in MANETs. MANETs can support several real-time applications like emergency rescue, and disaster relief operations which require minimum Quality of Service (QoS) to handle high traffic. Providing QoS for multimedia and group-oriented computing in MANETs becomes a real challenge due to the wireless medium and the mobility of operating nodes. Therefore, an investigation of routing protocols for one-to-many or many-to-many computing is important that supports acceptable QoS in MANETs. Numerous QoS metrics have been considered for the assessment like packet delivery ratio, latency, packet loss rate, control overhead, and throughput. By considering different network topologies and scenarios with different performance parameters, the primary goal of this study is to explore the challenges and factors for QoS services in MANET’s multicast communication. The outcomes of investigation can be used to design the future MANET protocol for multimedia applications. The performance results indicate that the increasing number of sending/receiving nodes may increase the overhead or latency of the network but capable of providing higher network throughput, carried out in NS-2. The results also indicate although MANETs can induce errors and packets are lost as part of the normal operating context, multicast AODV practice superior to the unicast protocol to various QoS in a wide range of scenarios with less overhead.

Cooperative networking and information processing system of wireless communication UAV under the background of intelligent service

“…In terms of building UAV group collaborative network by using blockchain technology, the data blocks are combined into specific data structures in a chain manner in chronological order, and the tamper proof and forgeable decentralized shared ledger guaranteed by cryptography can safely store simple, sequential and verifiable data in the system 10 . Debnath and others found that blockchain system mainly solves the Byzantine general problem in the interaction process of distributed system, that is, how distributed nodes reach consensus and establish mutual trust in the absence of trusted central nodes 11 . Chettri and others believe that based on the consensus mechanism of blockchain, combining blockchain with UAV network to form a group network can provide a more secure, flexible and efficient information sharing and decision‐making mechanism for UAV collaborative control 12 .…”

“…10 Debnath and others found that blockchain system mainly solves the Byzantine general problem in the interaction process of distributed system, that is, how distributed nodes reach consensus and establish mutual trust in the absence of trusted central nodes. 11 Chettri and others believe that based on the consensus mechanism of blockchain, combining blockchain with UAV network to form a group network can provide a more secure, flexible and efficient information sharing and decision-making mechanism for UAV collaborative control. 12 In China, Tsinghua University, Peking University, University of Electronic Science and technology, Beijing University of Posts and telecommunications, University of national defense science and technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Air Force Engineering University and Northwest University of technology have done relevant research.…”

QoS-Satisfied Multicast Routing Protocol for MANETs

“…It generates the routing path with the number of intermediate nodes from the source to the destination nodes. Typically, routing protocols are either unicast or multicast which depends on the method used for data transmission [3]. Unicast transmission can deliver the data packets to only one destination node whereas multicast transmission can deliver the data packets simultaneously to the group of destination nodes [4].…”