EVALUATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES AND THEIR AQUEOUS EXTRACT IN IMPROVING GROWTH, IMMUNITY AND MITIGATING EFFECT OF STRESS ON COMMON CARP (Cyprinus Carpio) FINGERLINGS

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate dietary Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) and their aqueous extract in enhancing the growth rate and immunity and decreasing the acute stress response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. A total of 180 fish were divided into three groups for feeding on diet1 (d1) with no additives (control), diet2 (d2) containing 10 g of MOLs/kg feed, and diet3 (d3) containing 20 mL of MOL aqueous extract/kg feed for 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, the specific growth rate (SGR) was calculated, and serum was obtained for biochemical analysis. In addition, 6 fish from each group were subjected to confinement stress for 20 min. Thereafter, locomotor activity, opercular movement, and plasma and water cortisol levels were measured. The d2 and d3 groups showed an increase in SGR and levels of total protein, globulin, and lysozyme, in addition to a decrease in the locomotor activity and opercular movement than d1 (control) group. MOLs and their aqueous extract had an improving effect on growth and immunity and mitigated the adverse effects of stressors in C. carpio fingerlings. Moreover, MOL aqueous extract induced a more marked effect on growth performance and stress resistance than that by MOLs.

Behavior and Stereotypies of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Response to Experimental Infection with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…This is an attempt from the fish's internal environment (homoeostasis) to maintain oxygen (O 2 ) status, blood and tissue acid-base balance (pH) (Martins et al, 2012). The observed hyperventilatory activity was supported the findings of Noga (2011) and Khalil et al (2017). Hyperventilatory activity may result from many biotic and abiotic stressors (Martins et al, 2012;Khalil et al, 2017).…”

Imidacloprid Toxicity and Its Attenuation by Aqueous Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaf in Zebra Fish, Danio Rerio

“…The dried leaves were grinded into fine powder. 25 g of powder was mixed with 250 ml hot (98 °C) distilled water, stayed for 24 h, then filtered with filter paper [24].…”

“…Several workers have been carried out to determine the protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against heavy metal such as arsenic, cadmium and drugs like acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rats [21][22][23]. Khalil and Korni (2017) have also been reported that Moringa oleifera leaves extract helps in boosting growth, immune system by mitigate oxidative stress in fishes [24]. Previous studies reported the attenuating effect of Moringa leaf extract against pesticides in rats and fishes [25,26].…”

Efficacy of Dietary Moringa Oleifera Leaves Supplementation on Productivity, Carcass Traits, Hemato-Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidants Status and Immune Response in Heat Stressed Growing Rabbits.

“…Usage of these anti-oxidants in rabbit production are commercially accepted as strategy to improve the rabbit productive performance and health status (Ojo and Adetoyi, 2017). Moringa oleifera (MO) plant with their different parts in tropical and subtropical countries is with highly valued plant (Khalil and Korni, 2017). Phytochemical analyses of MO are rich in vitamins (C and B), carotene (α and β), minerals (Ca, K, Se, Zn, P and Fe), and essential amino acids (methionine and cysteine), polyphenols, T xanthins, and chlorophyll, and other phytochemicals with powerful anti-oxidant ability (Surai, 2002;Okwari et al, 2013).…”