Evaluation of microplastics removal efficiency at a wastewater treatment plant discharging to the Sea of Marmara

Vardar, Suat; Onay, Turgut T.; Demirel, Burak; Kıdeyş, Ahmet E.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117862

Cited by 61 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The most common color in total stages was transparent; it was in contrast to Vardar et al (2021) study in which black MPs were the dominant color in Ambarli WWTP.…”

Section: Microplastic's Colorscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Occurrence, identification, and discharge of microplastics from effluent and sludge of the largest WWTP in Iran—South of Tehran

Oveisy

Rafiee

Rahmatpour

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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Microplastic pollution is a serious threat to the biota and humans, and wastewater treatment plants act as a pathway for entering microplastics into the environment. This study discusses the identification and quantification of microplastics in the south of Tehran municipal WWTP. The sampling was repeated three times in a month, overall, nine times for water samples and once a month in total, three times for digested sludge samples by steel bucket with the WPO method. The microplastics from water and digested sludge samples were identified using the micro‐Raman microscope. According to this study, 98.9% of microplastic particles in effluent and 99.2% of microplastics particles in the sludge were fibers. The influent contained an average of 180 ± 4.3 MP/L and was reduced to 5.3 ± 0.31 MP/L in the final effluent. Despite this significant reduction, we calculate that this WWTP releases 2.3 × 109 microplastics per day through final effluent and 1.61 × 1010 particles per day through dried sludge into the environment. We performed micro‐Raman analyses and ICP mass to measure the amount of heavy metal absorption of MPs. In addition, SEM analyses were used to study the surface morphology of microplastic particles. Practitioner Points Fourteen different polymers were identified in the influent, effluent, and digested sludge. The main collected shapes obtained were fiber, film, and fragment, which fiber was the predominant polymer in this WWTP. The plant releases 2.3 * 109 MPs per day to its downstream environment. This WWTP has average removal with an efficiency of 99.06%.

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“…The most common color in total stages was transparent; it was in contrast to Vardar et al (2021) study in which black MPs were the dominant color in Ambarli WWTP.…”

Section: Microplastic's Colorscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Occurrence, identification, and discharge of microplastics from effluent and sludge of the largest WWTP in Iran—South of Tehran

Oveisy

Rafiee

Rahmatpour

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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“…Considering these studies, despite the limited number of data, the accumulation of MPs in the soils due to the spreading of SeS appears to be significant and directly proportional to the amount of soil improver spread highlighting a significant pathway for the diffusion of MPs in the environment. This correlation is more clear, also referring to the high prevalence of fibers in amended soils, typically present in SeS [68,73,75]. This could represent a problem considering also the possible existence of pathways of the smaller fraction of MPs from contaminated soils to human and biotic communities in general [13,101], not yet fully confirmed (Figure 2).…”

Section: Microplastics In Soils Amended With Sewage Sludgementioning

confidence: 97%

“…This aspect is of great importance because it is very useful for understanding the origin of particles [81]. From the analysis of the examined literature, among the MPs identified in the SeS, fibers and fragments substantially predominate [35,41,55,[57][58][59]61,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]75,76] (Table 1). Both are already present in the influent WW, the former derive mainly from the washing of synthetic clothing at home or industrial level [82], while the latter are contained for instance in many cosmetics as scrubber, given their irregular shape [3,81,83] or derive from the fragmentation of larger particles [81].…”

Section: From Wastewater To Sewage Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing the results with those observed in a "control" soil not amended, the impact of SeS spread was evident. The presence of MPs was considerably higher in amended soils than in the control case and 97% were fibers [97], typically present in SeS (Section 3.2) [68,73,75]. Corradini et al [97] also evaluated that the spreading frequency did not play a key role in MPs accumulation when the spreads are very sparse.…”

Section: Microplastics In Soils Amended With Sewage Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics in Sewage Sludge: A Known but Underrated Pathway in Wastewater Treatment Plants

et al. 2021

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Interest in the presence of microplastics (MPs) in wastewater has grown significantly in recent years. In fact, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent the last barrier before the discharge of MPs into an aquatic ecosystem. The research has highlighted how MPs are in part effectively removed from the waters and accumulated inside the sewage sludge (SeS) produced by the WWTP, being a cause for concern, especially in the case of agricultural reuse. This work aims to analyze the existing literature on the (i) methodical procedure for MPs analysis (thermal, spectroscopic, optical analyses), (ii) qualitative and quantitative presence of MPs in SeS, (iii) effect on sludge properties, and (iv) the possible accumulation in amended soils. Based on the results already obtained in the literature, this work aims to provide critical insights to stimulate interest in the topic and direct future research on aspects that should be deepened. In particular, it emerges that there is a clear need for standardization of the collection methods and the analytical techniques for identifying and quantifying MPs, since their physico-chemical characterization and the study on aging and on the response towards acid or basic pre-treatments are fundamental for the understanding of microplastics ecotoxicological potential.

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“…Akdeniz kıyıları, en kirli denizel alanlardan biri olarak bilinmektedir [22][23][24]. Türkiye'yi çevreleyen denizlerin su yüzeyi, su kolonu, kumsal sedimanları ve çeşitli denizel organizmalardaki plastik içeriği bilimsel çalışmalarla ortaya konmuştur (Karadeniz [25,26]; Marmara Denizi [27][28][29]; Akdeniz [30][31][32]; Ege Denizi [33,34]). Muğla Türkiye'nin en uzun kıyılarına sahip olmasına rağmen, kumsal sedimanlarındaki mikroplastik içeriğine dair az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Kumsal Sedimanlarının Mikroplastik İçeriklerinin ve Sediman Tanelerinin Karakterizasyonu: Muğla Kıyılarından (GB Türkiye) Örnek Çalışma

2022

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Günlük hayatta önemli bir yere sahip olan plastikler, fiziksel bozunmaya uğradıklarında kolaylıkla taşınarak göllere, akarsulara, denizlere, dağlara ve topraklara ulaşmakta ve kirletici olarak tüm doğal ekosistemlere zarar vermektedirler. Mikroplastiklerin özellikle kıyı alanlarında birikimini etkileyen en önemli unsurlardan ilki jeolojik süreçlerden olan karasal ve denizel sedimanların taşınımları ikincisi ise antropojenik etmenlerdir. Muğla kıyı sedimanlarında biriken mikroplastik miktarını belirlemek amacıyla Palamutbükü, Datça, Marmaris ve Akyaka sahil kumlarından alınan örnekler tane boyu bakımından karakterize edilmiş; düşük yoğunluklu mikroplastik ayırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Plastik içeriği sırasıyla; Palamutbükü örneğinde 11 adet meso-makro plastik, 56 adet mikroplastik / 50 g, Datça örneğinde 13 adet meso-makro plastik, 33 adet mikroplastik / 50 g, Marmaris örneğinde 13 adet meso-makro plastik, 143 adet mikroplastik / 50 g, ve Akyaka örneğinde 4 adet meso-makro plastik, 59 adet mikroplastik / 50 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Orta kum boyunda, incelenen örnekler içinde en küçük ortalama tane boyutuna sahip Akyaka sahili örneği meso-makroplastik içeriği en düşük olandır. İnce çakıl ortalama tane boyuyla en kaba ortalama tane boyuna ve en yüksek çakıl yüzdesine sahip Datça örneği ise mikroplastik sayısı en düşük örnektir. Lif ve parça formunda plastik parçalarında Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızıl Ötesi Spektrometresi analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroplastiklerin bileşimlerinde selülöz, polietilen ve polipropilen olduğu belirlenmiştir.

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Evaluation of microplastics removal efficiency at a wastewater treatment plant discharging to the Sea of Marmara

Cited by 61 publications

References 56 publications

Occurrence, identification, and discharge of microplastics from effluent and sludge of the largest WWTP in Iran—South of Tehran

Occurrence, identification, and discharge of microplastics from effluent and sludge of the largest WWTP in Iran—South of Tehran

Microplastics in Sewage Sludge: A Known but Underrated Pathway in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Kumsal Sedimanlarının Mikroplastik İçeriklerinin ve Sediman Tanelerinin Karakterizasyonu: Muğla Kıyılarından (GB Türkiye) Örnek Çalışma

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