Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches

Abstract

Microalgal polysaccharides (PSs) may be an effective elicitor agent that can efficiently protect plants against biotic stresses. In this study, wee investigates, the effect of PS obtained from microalgae and cyanobacteria (D. salina MS002, P. tricorontum MS023, Porphyridium sp. MS081, Desmodesmus sp., D. salina MS067 and A. platensis MS001) on the biochemical and metabolomics markers linked to defense pathways in tomato plants. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively. For proteins, polyphenols and H2O2, the maximum effect was induced by D. salina 067 (55.01%), Porphyridium sp. (3.97%) and A. platensis (35.08%) respectively. On the other hand, Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolomics analysis showed that PSs induced the modification of metabolite profile involved in the wax construction of tomato leaves, such as fatty acids, alkanes, alkenes and phytosterol. PS treatments improved the accumulation of fatty acids C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3 released from the membrane lipids as precursors of oxylipin biosynthesis which are signaling molecules of plant defense. In addition, PS treatment induced the accumulation of C18:0 and Azelaic acid which is a regulator of salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance. However, molecular and metabolic studies can determine more precisely the mode of action of microalgal polysaccharides as biostimulants/elicitors plant defense.

Production and immobilization of β-glucanase from Aspergillus niger with its applications in bioethanol production and biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi

“…The antagonistic effect of purified fungal enzymes was approved by 21 , 42 – 45 . Biocontrol of various fungal pathogens by β-glucanase produced from Trichoderma harzianum attributed to its hydrolytic capability to degrade β-glucan and accordingly damage the fungal cell wall 44 , 46 . Several researchers proved the antifungal and anticancer activities of different bioactive fungal-derived materials 21 , 44 – 46 .…”

“…Biocontrol of various fungal pathogens by β-glucanase produced from Trichoderma harzianum attributed to its hydrolytic capability to degrade β-glucan and accordingly damage the fungal cell wall 44 , 46 . Several researchers proved the antifungal and anticancer activities of different bioactive fungal-derived materials 21 , 44 – 46 . In addition, previous investigation revealed that β-glucanase has an inhibitory effect on the pigmentation as well as the cell walls of certain molds such as Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum.…”

Optimization of Exopolysaccharides Production by Porphyridium sordidum and Their Potential to Induce Defense Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana against Fusarium oxysporum

“…Likewise, several reports suggested that effectiveness of polysaccharides as an elicitor was correlated with their chemical structure and believed this to be due to sulfate groups and the degree of sulfation on the repeating galactose and glucose units [54]. More recently, the same authors [55] demonstrated that polysaccharides (PSs) obtained from microalgae and cyanobacteria are considered promising elicitors that are able to induce defense responses in tomato plants. In fact, compared with the laminarin used as control, those PSs have the greatest significant effect on chitinase, peroxidase, glucanase and PAL activities, as well as H2O2 production.…”

Microalgae Polysaccharides: An Overview of Production, Characterization, and Potential Applications

“…Moreover, polysaccharides from microalgae and cyanobacteria have been studied for applications as plant biostimulants (Table 4) due to characteristics such as bioactivity and permeability capacity, besides effects on plant key mechanisms such as photosynthesis [17], in addition to resulting in increases in its proteins and carotenoids [78]. Thus, polysaccharides could be applied to reduce the use of pesticides and contribute to the promotion of sustainable agriculture [54]. According to Chanda et al [17], polysaccharides from microalgae can stimulate plant growth and resistance by different mechanisms, such as increasing nutrient access through the roots and photosynthesis by the shoot.…”

“…Desmodesmus sp., P. tricornutum, Porphorydium sp., Arthrospira platensis, and Dunaliella salina Plant (tomato) resistance inducer [54] Arthrospira platensis, Dunaliella salina, and Porphorydium sp.…”