Evaluation of methods to assess physical activity in free-living conditions

Leenders, N.; Sherman, W. M.; Nagaraja, Haikady N.; Kien, C. Lawrence

doi:10.1097/00005768-200107000-00024

Cited by 207 publications

(186 citation statements)

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“…Many physical activity questionnaires have been shown to produce inaccurate results, mostly leading to a significant overestimation of physical activity. 4,24,25,27 Subjects are not always able to remember all the activities and the correct Validation of a simplified physical activity record C Koebnick et al time span in which the activity was carried out. Moreover, in many cases, recalls do not cover all kinds of activities per day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a simplified physical activity record by doubly labeled water technique

et al. 2005

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INTRODUCTION:For obtaining reliable information about physical activity in epidemiological studies, validated and easy-touse instruments are required. Therefore, a new simplified physical activity record based on 15-min recording intervals was developed and validated. SUBJECTS: Nonobese volunteers (n ¼ 31). MEASUREMENTS: Physical activity was recorded over a 7-day period without detailed instructions. Energy expenditure was calculated (EE sPAR ) and compared to energy expenditure measured by doubly labelled water technique (EE DLW ). RESULTS: A good agreement between EE sPAR (12.173.0) and EE DLW (11.773.3) with a mean difference of 0.3371.55 MJ (r ¼ 0.880, Po0.001) was observed. The absolute difference between EE sPAR and EE DLW was o10% in 65% of the subjects. The difference between EE sPAR and EE DLW was independent of gender, age, body weight, and body mass index. A weak positive association between the difference and total body fat was observed (r ¼ 0.618, Po0.001), suggesting a slight tendency to overestimate EE sPAR with increasing total body fat. CONCLUSION: The new simplified physical activity protocol needs no detailed instructions, provides valid estimates of physical activity in nonobese free-living adults and can be used in epidemiological studies to assess total daily energy expenditure and physical activity level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a simplified physical activity record by doubly labeled water technique

et al. 2005

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“…19,20 Since epidemiological studies investigating the effects of PA on public health are often interested in categorizing various activities into metabolic equivalent (MET) intensities, 21 PA was also categorized into three activity categories, which are defined as light PA (PA levels 1-3), moderate PA (PA levels 4-6) and vigorous PA (PA levels 7-9) by using an equation (METs ¼ 0.043x 2 þ 0.379x þ 1.361, where x represents the PA level, r ¼ 0.929). 16 Student's t-test was used to determine the distinctive effects of gender and BMI.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-period accelerometer monitoring shows the role of physical activity in overweight and obesity

et al. 2005

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CONTEXT: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in obesity. A new accelerometer has been developed to assess total energy expenditure as well as PA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of PA with overweight and obesity in Japanese men and women, a large crosssectional study was performed using a single-axis accelerometer. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based cross-sectional study of Japanese 18-84 y of age. Height, body weight and PA were measured in 400 male and 388 female Japanese volunteers from 1999 to 2000. The outcome measurements were overweight and obesity, which are defined as a body mass index Z25 kg/m 2 . PA was measured for 1 to 4 weeks and was then categorized into three activity levels, which were defined as light, moderate and vigorous PA. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.3%. Number of steps and time spent in moderate and vigorous PA per day were lower in overweight and obese individuals. No difference was found in time spent in light PA. Individuals who are in the 4th and 5th quintile of moderate and vigorous PA showed a significantly lower body mass index. When odd ratios (ORs) of overweight and obesity estimated by logistic regression were used as effect measures, overweight and obesity were negatively associated with vigorous PA (ORs ¼ 0.91). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that overweight and obese individuals have a lower step rate and are spending less time for moderate to vigorous PA. Participation in vigorous PA is an important predictor of overweight and obesity.

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“…When body weight was taken into account, it became a significant predictor but body weight itself had a slightly higher contribution to the variance of the PAEE (Table 2). Two recent studies reported no significant correlation of the step counts with PAEE in a limited sample size, that is, 20 overweight women (Fogelholm et al, 1998) and 13 healthy women (Leenders et al, 2001), respectively. However, another study (Gardner and Poehlman, 1998) comparing step counts with PAEE, as measured by the doubly labeled water technique in 22 peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients with intermittent claudication, reported the step counts as contributing to variance in the PAEE (38%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two studies have reported no significant correlation with PAEE in female subjects (Fogelholm et al, 1998;Leenders et al, 2001), whereas another study comparing pedometer counts (steps per day) with PAEE measured by the doubly labeled water technique in elderly claudicants reported a significant variance in PAEE (Gardner and Poehlman, 1998). Therefore, validation of pedometers for the assessment of EE in freeliving conditions in adults has been insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are pedometers adequate instruments for assessing energy expenditure?

2009

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Objective: Assessing energy expenditure (EE) is important for the control of obesity. Daily step counts have become popular and constitute one practical technique for evaluating the physical activity (PA) in large population studies. However, information on the capacity of pedometers to track EE in free-living conditions remains scanty. Subjects and methods: The 24-h EE of 71 healthy adults was measured by indirect calorimetry in a large respiratory chamber. Two accelerometers were attached to the waist, one for counting the total daily steps (ACC STEP ) and another for measuring the anteroposterior whole body acceleration calculated as the root mean square of the acceleration signal at every second (ACC RMS ). Results: The ACC STEP was not associated with PA-related EE (PAEE) or 24-h EE. Body weight (BW) was the main determinant of both the values (explaining 30 and 75% of the variance, respectively). Approximately 8% (Po0.001) of the variance in PAEE was attributed to the ACC RMS after BW was accounted for, whereas the ACC STEP did not explain any additional variance. A multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that BW, height and ACC RMS were highly significant determinants of 24-h EE and accounted for as much as 83% of the total variance. Conclusions: Recording the number of steps per day does not provide accurate information on EE, and at best is only a crude predictor of the general PA in terms of displacement. In contrast, accelerometry signals are considered to be a more meaningful factor in the assessment of EE rather than step counts under sedentary conditions.

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Evaluation of methods to assess physical activity in free-living conditions

Abstract: Although the group average for PAR-PAEE agreed with DLW-PAEE, there were differences in the methods among the subjects. PAEE determined by Tritrac, CSA, and Yamax significantly underestimate free-living PAEE in women.

Cited by 207 publications

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Validation of a simplified physical activity record by doubly labeled water technique

Validation of a simplified physical activity record by doubly labeled water technique

Long-period accelerometer monitoring shows the role of physical activity in overweight and obesity

Are pedometers adequate instruments for assessing energy expenditure?

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