Evaluation of metabolic syndrome in adults of Talca city, Chile

Abstract

Objective-: Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a clustering of metabolic alterations associated to IR; however, there is no international consensus for defining its diagnosis. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of MS identified by the ATP III and IDF criteria in adults from Talca city. Research and methods-:We studied 1007 individuals, aged 18-74, and residents from Talca. MS subjects were defined according to ATP III (three altered factors) and IDF criteria (patients with waist circumference >80/90 cm (W/M) and two others altered factors). Results-:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF and ATP III criteria was 36.4% and 29.5%, respectively after adjustment for age and sex. The agreement for both criteria was 89%. The prevalence in men was higher than in women for both MS definitions, although not significant. MS probability increased with age, and the highest risk was in the 57-68 age group (ATP-MS) and 53-72 age group (IDF-MS). Hypertension, high triglycerides and abdominal obesity are the most frequent alterations in MS.Conclusion-: MS prevalence in adults was higher when diagnosed with IDF than with ATP criterion; in both, age is directly related with the MS presence. The MS subjects showed higher levels of blood pressure, waist circumference and plasma triglycerides. Considering our results, it is worrisome that one third of our population has a high risk of developing DM2 and CVD in the future.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review

“…Furthermore, in the study conducted on the population of Minas Gerais (33) , which contained a higher proportion of women, this difference in prevalence was 25?9 % (33?6 % for women and 7?7 % for men). However, in four other studies (24,25,30,31) , the prevalence of MS was slightly higher in men than in women: the differences varied between 1?1 % (25) and 5?2 % (30) . Likewise, in the study carried out on the population of San Juan (29) , a higher prevalence was reported for men (41 %) than for women (26 %).…”

“…According to data reviewed, the weighted mean prevalence of MS in the Latin-American countries analysed (24?9 %) was higher than that reported in developed countries (19,20) . In fact, in eight of the studies included in this analysis (24)(25)(26)(29)(30)(31)(32)34) , prevalence rates of MS are different in 1?5-20?0 % compared with those reported in the USA (21?8 %) and some European countries: Spain (24?7 %), Portugal (23?9 %) and Italy (24?1 %) (18,19,20,36,37) . However, this mean prevalence of MS in Latin America was lower than that reported for some ethnic groups in other parts of the world.…”

“…Thus, for instance, the population studied was mostly urban, and only in one article was a rural population studied (33) . Nine studies included samples of the general population (24,25,27,28,30,31,(33)(34)(35) , and the rest included apparently healthy sample populations with particular features: university employees (26,29) or a majority of mulatto subjects (32) . In eight studies (24,25,27,(29)(30)(31)(32)34) , the presence of women was higher than that of men; in three (26,28,33) , the presence of men was higher; and in the multi-centre study (35) , the percentages of women and men who took part were the same.…”

“…Finally, a total of twelve articles met the criteria for the present review (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) . Of these articles (eleven crosssectional (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) and one multi-centre cross-sectional (35) ; Tables 3 and 4, respectively), the following data were found: author and year of publication, number and gender of participants, age range of the population, sampling, city and country in which the study was carried out, procedures to determine MS and its components (measurements), the prevalence of MS and its components, as well as other sociodemographic and environmental factors analysed as associations by the authors. In addition, the following variables were analysed: study design, prevalence of MS and its components by gender and age group, as well as adjusted MS prevalence.…”

“…Nine articles reported the prevalence of MS by gender (24,25,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)33,34) : weighted mean was 25?3 % for women and 23?2 % for men; differences were not statistically significant. In three studies (27,28,34) (two of which had higher participation by women (27,34) , whereas one had higher participation by men (28) ), MS was slightly more frequent among women compared with men, with a difference in prevalence between men and women varying between 0?8 % (34) and 8?89 % (27) .…”