Evaluation of mercury adsorption and removal efficacy of pulverized Chlorella (C. vulgaris)

Yadav, Mahendra Singh; Rani, K. Anitha; Chauhan, Meenakshi Kanwar; Panwar, Anuj; Sandal, Nidhi

doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02052-0

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Chlorella has good Hg absorption properties. It prevents the reabsorption of Hg from the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, it can be used as an effective absorbent to remove Hg from the body ( Yadav et al, 2020 ). In a study conducted by Caldas et al, Hg was detected in all samples, while none of the samples exceeded the acceptable limit (from <0.01 to 0.09 μg/g) ( Caldas and Machado, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Content in Dietary Supplements From Poland Containing Ingredients of Plant Origin: A Safety Assessment

et al. 2021

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Mercury (Hg) is a fairly common environmental pollutant. Chronic exposure to this element may cause, inter alia, kidney damage, and disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system. Literature data indicate that food, including dietary supplements (DS), may sometimes be contaminated with Hg. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess Hg content in DS containing ingredients of plant origin. The study covered 200 DS available for sale in Poland. Hg content was determined by using the AAS method with the amalgamation technique using the AMA-254 analyzer. The highest average Hg content was found in preparations used as adjuncts for lowering glucose levels (23.97 ± 38.56 μg/kg). The highest percentage of PTWI (1.143%) was found in DS aimed at improving vitality. Due to the fact that DS are commonly used, their quality should be constantly monitored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Content in Dietary Supplements From Poland Containing Ingredients of Plant Origin: A Safety Assessment

et al. 2021

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“…Although significant damage can occur from mercury toxicity, plants have different molecular mechanisms that can mitigate heavy-metal toxicity (Gomez-Jacinto et al, 2015). Some of these include metal immobilization and chelation (Yadav et al, 2020;Yadav et al, 2021), synthesis of metal-chelating compounds like phytochelatins (Gomez-Jacinto et al, 2015), gene regulation (Hu et al, 2001), and, on a physiological level, anti-oxidative systems like increased antioxidant enzymes, i.e., peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (Zhou et al, 2007). The ability of aquatic plants to metabolize mercury is investigated as a method of phytoremediation (Nagarani and Kumaraguru, 2012) because algae and aquatic macrophytes are able to accumulate heavy metals at concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than their surrounding environment (Gomez-Jacinto et al, 2015).…”

Section: Mercury In Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorella supplements that are pulverized to break down Chlorella's strong cell walls to increase digestibility are often taken as a micronutrient. In a study done by Yadav et al (2020) the efficacy of pulverized Chlorella to adsorb mercury ions onto its surface was studied.…”

Section: Mercury In Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Does Selenium Offset Methylmercury Toxicity Across Trophic Levels in Chlorella Pyrenoidosa and Aeolosoma Variegatum?

Azmi

2024

Preprint

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Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin that impairs functioning of the nervous system, and selenium is known to provide a protective effect against methylmercury. Experiments were run to investigate the offsetting of methylmercury toxicity by selenium across trophic levels at the base of the aquatic food chain. A primary producer, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, was exposed to methylmercury in the presence or absence of selenium. The subsequent biomass was fed to a primary consumer, Aeolosoma variegatum. Results showed that methylmercury decreased the maximum density of Chlorella, which selenium did not offset. When consuming selenium in methylmercury contaminated water or when consuming dietary methylmercury with dietary selenium, Aeolosoma populations experienced a rescue effect against methylmercury. Understanding safe levels of dietary selenium that provide population level protection against methylmercury is a critical step towards managing mercury in contaminated ecosystems. More research is required to determine the threshold range of safe dietary selenium for representative species.

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“…It has also been reported as having β-carotene, lutein, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, riboflavin and retinol (Kitada et al 2009;Panahi et al 2012). Furthermore, C. vulgaris has been reported to be beneficial as a detoxifying agent, as indicated by the significant removal of mercury deposition from the tissue of mice facilitating its excretion through faeces (Yadav et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity study of Chlorella vulgaris water extract on female Sprague Dawley rats by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420

et al. 2020

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Chlorella vulgaris, a coccoid green eukaryotic microalga, is a popular food supplement and has been marketed as a nutritional supplement in Asia. Despite numerous reports on the antioxidant property of this species, its toxic effect has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the acute oral toxic effect of C. vulgaris on female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. An acute oral toxicity assessment of C. vulgaris was performed based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420. These guidelines are divided into a sighting study and a main study. In the sighting study, C. vulgaris extract was administered orally in sequential doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) with one rat used for each dosage. Clinical observation and mortality were observed for each rat to monitor signs of toxicity for 14 days. BW and relative organ weight (ROW) were recorded. Blood was collected for liver function test (LFT). Gross pathological evaluations were performed after euthanasia of rats. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the liver and kidney was also performed. The main study was performed based on the highest dose in the sighting study that did not exhibit any signs of toxicity and mortality. For 14 days, clinical observations, BW, and ROW were recorded. Blood from rats in the main study was also measured for LFT, and gross pathological evaluations and H&E staining of the liver and kidney were also performed. The highest dose of 2000 mg kg−1 BW C. vulgaris was used in the main study. No toxicity and mortality were observed in both the sighting study and the main study. Increases in BW were observed in both studies. Gross pathological evaluations showed no signs of organ abnormalities on each organ in the sighting and main studies. The ROW also showed no differences. The values of biochemical parameters in the liver function test showed no differences in the sighting study. However, in the main study, significant decreases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed on day 14 compared with day 0 (p < 0.05). Chlorella vulgaris showed no toxicity at the dose of 2000 mg kg−1 BW. In conclusion, C. vulgaris can be categorized as unclassified according to the Globally Harmonised Classification System (GHS) for chemical substances and mixtures.

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Evaluation of mercury adsorption and removal efficacy of pulverized Chlorella (C. vulgaris)

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Mercury Content in Dietary Supplements From Poland Containing Ingredients of Plant Origin: A Safety Assessment

Mercury Content in Dietary Supplements From Poland Containing Ingredients of Plant Origin: A Safety Assessment

Does Selenium Offset Methylmercury Toxicity Across Trophic Levels in Chlorella Pyrenoidosa and Aeolosoma Variegatum?

Toxicity study of Chlorella vulgaris water extract on female Sprague Dawley rats by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420

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