“…The sub-microscopic aspect is required to explain numerous physical / chemical / biological phenomena, and related mental models have been studied such as water conductivity [43], infra-red spectroscopy [44], microscopic friction [45], quantization [46], [47], chemical reactions [48]- [50], chemical bonding [51]- [54], dilution [55], diffusion [56], vapor pressure [57], acids [58], patterns of a periodic table [59], organic chemistry [60], electron transport chain [61], catabolism and anabolism [62] and DNA structure [63].…”