Evaluation of melanin production by Sporothrix luriei

Cruz, Ingrid Ludmilla Rodrigues; Figueiredo-Carvalho, Maria Helena Galdino; Zancopé‐Oliveira, Rosely Maria; Almeida‐Paes, Rodrigo

doi:10.1590/0074-02760170339

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The S. luriei is a less common fungal species related to a mild human sporotrichosis infection in South Africa and to a dog isolate in south of Brazil [15,55]; however, as this strain does not produce melanin, it has a lower virulent profile [56].…”

Section: Microbiologic and Molecular Aspects Of Casual Agents Of Spor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporotrichosis in Children: Case series and Narrative Review

Queiroz‐Telles

Bonifáz

Cognialli

et al. 2022

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

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Purpose of Review Pediatric sporotrichosis has not been sufficiently studied; this review aims to evaluate the risk and prognostic factors related to the development of sporotrichosis associated to this age group. Also, we want to evaluate the causes of the increased number of cases of sporotrichosis in the pediatric population such as environmental changes in endemic areas, the biodiversity, and virulence among the pathogenic clade causing sporotrichosis in different areas of the globe, and especially the progression of the zoonotic transmission of infections caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis infections, associated to zoonotic transmission in Brazil and other endemic sporotrichosis countries. Recent Findings After evaluating a case series of 40 patients, we found that pediatric sporotrichosis in Mexico is mainly caused by Sporothrix schenckii which prevails in rural areas and is mainly sapronotically transmitted. In Brazil, the longest and largest pediatric sporotrichosis outbreak is caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis , etiologically related to sick cats, directly from lesions containing a high yeast cell burden. When affecting children S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis may cause distinct clinical manifestations especially in the onset of the disease and affected anatomical site. In Mexico, most of the patients are successfully treated with potassium iodide, whereas in Brazil, all patients respond to itraconazole. Summary Sporothrix schenckii is the major etiologic agent in Mexico, being sapronotically transmitted, while in Brazil, Sporothrix brasiliensis is only transmitted by cats. In Mexico, the disease prevails in male patients (60%) from rural areas; in Brazil, the disease is more frequent in females (60%) from an urban region. Due to the zoonotic sporotrichosis outbreak in Brazil, the time of evolution seems to be shorter in Brazilian patients than in Mexican patients. Most Brazilian patients presented with facial lesions, including ocular involvement, while in Mexico, most of the children presented upper limbs involvement. In Mexico, treatment with potassium iodide in children was observed to induce faster remission than itraconazole, but controlled studies are lacking to evaluate this versus itraconazole, due to the low number of cases. A comparative study should be designed to evaluate the best and safest antifungal therapy for pediatric sporotrichosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12281-022-00429-x.

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Section: Microbiologic and Molecular Aspects Of Casual Agents Of Spor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporotrichosis in Children: Case series and Narrative Review

Queiroz‐Telles

Bonifáz

Cognialli

et al. 2022

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

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“…Melanin is well described in Sporothrix spp., and the production of the polymer is closely linked to virulence [ 13 , 122 , 123 ]. Melanization of S. globosa leads to a reduction in antigen presentation by macrophages and facilitates the dissemination of the pathogen [ 124 ].…”

Section: Other Melanotic Fungi and Their Interactions With The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Melanin and the Mammalian Immune System

Liu

Youngchim

Zamith-Miranda

et al. 2021

JoF

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Melanins are ubiquitous complex polymers that are commonly known in humans to cause pigmentation of our skin. Melanins are also present in bacteria, fungi, and helminths. In this review, we will describe the diverse interactions of fungal melanin with the mammalian immune system. We will particularly focus on Cryptococcus neoformans and also discuss other major melanotic pathogenic fungi. Melanin interacts with the immune system through diverse pathways, reducing the effectiveness of phagocytic cells, binding effector molecules and antifungals, and modifying complement and antibody responses.

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Sporothrix globosa melanin inhibits antigenpresentation by macrophages and enhances deep organ dissemination

Song

Yao

et al. 2020

Braz J Microbiol

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Evaluation of melanin production by Sporothrix luriei

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Sporotrichosis in Children: Case series and Narrative Review

Sporotrichosis in Children: Case series and Narrative Review

Fungal Melanin and the Mammalian Immune System

Sporothrix globosa melanin inhibits antigenpresentation by macrophages and enhances deep organ dissemination

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