Evaluation of mature soybean pods as a food source for two pod-sucking bugs, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Abstract

Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) cause injury to soybeans by piercing and sucking pods and seeds. Growers believe that new damage decreases near to harvest despite the occurrence of these bugs at that time. As this question has never been assessed, we evaluated two diets: a) mature soybean pods (dried shell + dried soybean seeds) and b) dried soybean seeds for the two bugs by assessing their biological, behavioral, and morphological attributes on each diet in laboratory. While nymphs of both species were able to develop and adults able to reproduce on the tested diets, bugs fed on pods had longer development times and 2.2 to 5.0 times higher mortality rates than bugs fed on seeds. Furthermore, adult longevity of R. pedestris and H. halys fed on pods was 8.4 and 7.5 days shorter, respectively, than that of bugs fed on seeds. However, pod feeding had no effect on adult fecundity or egg viability. In a behavioral choice test, adult R. pedestris preferred seeds over pods and probed seeds longer than pods. On average, adult H. halys also preferred seeds over pods, although 15.6% of H. halys showed the reverse, preferring pods over seeds. The proboscis length and estimated depth of stylet penetration into the host tissue of both nymphs and adults of both species was much greater than the thickness of the pod shell, suggesting that mouthpart structure does not explain the negative effects of pods vs. seeds. In conclusion, mature soybean pods were found to be a suitable food source for both R. pedestris and H. halys despite some negative effects, and thus careful attention should be paid to the population levels of these two bugs approaching harvest to reduce economic damage in soybean.

Identification and evaluation of a new entomopathogenic fungal strain against Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and its two egg parasitoids

“…pedestris was identified as B . bassiana and designated as strain ARP14, based on morphology [ 2 , 34 ] and intraspecies and interspecies divergence rate with different Beauveria species and strains [ 35 ]. Strain ARP14 showed high virulence to R .…”

“…Pod sucking bugs, including Riptortus pedestris (F.) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and Nezara antennata Scott (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), are major pests of soybean by reducing seed quality and yield [ 1 , 2 ]. Among these bugs, R .…”

Evaluation of Soybean Resistance to Pod-Sucking Bug, Riptortus linearis F. and Performance of its Agronomic Characters

“…In Indonesia, pod-sucking pests are considered more important than other pod-attacking pests complex, because it has a widespread area, even during the rainy and dry season. In Bangladesh, it was also reported that these types of pod sucking pest, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) & Halyomorpha halys (Stal) were also major pod pests on soybean plants (Rahman & Lim, 2017). Losses in crop yields due to pod-sucking pest infestations not only reduce the productivity per unit area, but also reduced the seed vigor (Bae et al, 2014) as a result of imperfect seed formation or seed damage.…”

Population parameters and growth ofRiptortus pedestris(Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) under elevated CO2concentrations

“…It has been reported that the bean bug is the major insect pest responsible for staygreen syndrome, which is characterized by a lack of timely leaf senescence and an increase in seed abortion, in Chinese soybean fields (Li et al 2019). Many published studies have demonstrated the effects of temperature on demographic characteristics and population parameters of R. pedestris (Ahn et al 2019; Kim et al 2009; Rahman & Lim 2017). However, there are few studies regarding the direct effects of elevated CO 2 on herbivores (Akbar et al 2016; Choi et al 2018; Liu et al 2017; Xie et al 2015) and there is no information on its effects on R. pedestris .…”