Evaluation of Mangrove Water Quality in Pancer Cengkrong, Trenggalek and Sine, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia Using Phytoplankton as Bioindicators

Abstract

Highlight Research Anthropogenic factors are the main cause of damage to mangrove ecosystems Restoration is a method for ecosystem restoration Restoration success is seen from the physical, chemical, and biological parameters Phytoplankton is a bioindicator of water quality The abundance of mangroves can explain the state of an ecosystem Abstract Mangrove ecosystems in Sine and Pancer Cengkrong had degraded due to land-use change and restoration has been carried out over a few year on the damaged location. This study was conducted to evaluate water quality of mangrove ecosystems at both locations based on physical, chemical and phytoplankton parameters as bioindicators. The evaluation of Cengkrong Mangrove was carried out at 4 different locations based on different periode of restoration, namely restoration of 2008-2009, 2013-2014, natural mangroves, and 2005 succession mangroves, whereas there was only one sampling site at Sine mangrove namely 1998-2008 restoration. The physico-chemical parameters measured include water temperature, air temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), salinity, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Phytoplankton data was used to measure, trophic diatom index (TDI) as an indicator of water nutrition status, and pollution tolerant value (%PTV) as an indicator of organic pollution. The results showed that the water quality at all the study locations met the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Regulation No 51/2004, except nitrate and phosphate. Based on the TDI index, mangrove in Sine, Cengkrong 2013-2014 restoration, and 2005 succession mangroves were categorized as hyper-eutrophic, natural Cengkrong mangroves were categorized as eutrophic, and 2008-2009 restored Cengkrong mangroves were categorized as meso-eutrophic. Based on the %PTV index, in the Sine mangrove, 2013-2014 Cengkrong restoration, and 2005 succession mangroves were classified as high levels of organic matter pollution, while in the Cengkrong 2008-2009 restoration and natural Cengkrong were classified as a moderate level of organic pollution.

Community Structure and Fish Diversity in Some Mangrove Ecosystems with Varying Levels of Naturalness and Human Activity on Bawean Island, East Java, Indonesia

“…as well as environmental pollution and climate change [6][7][8][9]. A similar case occurred in the mangrove ecosystem of East Java that was found to be deforested and its area decreased from 57,500 Ha to 22,700 Ha in 2008 and continued to decline to 11,800 Ha in 2019 [10][11][12][13].…”

Frequency-Dependent Magnetic Susceptibility and Chemical Composition of Estuary Mangrove Sediment as Environmental Indicator of Ecosystem Degradation

“…Meanwhile, CP was indicated to be polluted with high levels of nitrate but BOD below the threshold (Retnaningdyah et al ., 2021). On the other hand, CG was stated to be organically polluted at a moderate level, and an analysis of heavy metal contamination has never been carried out (Febriansyah, Hakim, and Retnaningdyah, 2022).…”

Oxygenase Enzyme Activity and Compound Profile in Hydrocarbon Bioremediation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodococcus erythropolis Consortium

“…Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is the amount of chemical oxygen required to oxidize organic matter in wastewater (Dewinta et al, 2020). COD measures waste pollution by using organic substances that can naturally be oxidized through biological processes, resulting in reduced oxygen dissolved in wastewater (Febriansyah et al, 2022). This test does not distinguish between biodegradable materials and non-biodegrabdable materials.…”