Evaluation of maize root growth and genome-wide association studies of root traits in response to low nitrogen supply at seedling emergence

Sun, Xianyou; Ren, Wang; Wang, Peng; Chen, Fanjun; Yuan, Lixing; Pan, Qingchun; Mi, Guohua

doi:10.1016/j.cj.2020.09.011

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Root phenotyping has been conducted in several crops, such as soybean [22,38], rapeseed [39], and rice [24]. Furthermore, previous studies on diverse plants have suggested that root traits are the most significant for the acquisition of edaphic resources, such as water and nutrients [40][41][42][43]. Moreover, plants with varying genetic and nutritional conditions exhibit extensive variations in root system distribution, which allows plants to recover faster and survive under stress conditions [44].…”

Section: Characterization Of Wild Adzuki Beans Based On Root Traits and Importance For Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Root Imaging Analysis Reveals Wide Variation in Root Morphology of Wild Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) Accessions

Tayade

Kim

Tripathi

et al. 2022

Plants

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Root system architecture and morphological diversification in wild accessions are important for crop improvement and productivity in adzuki beans. In this study, via analysis using 2-dimensional (2D) root imaging and WinRHIZO Pro software, we described the root traits of 61 adzuki bean accessions in their early vegetative growth stage. These accessions were chosen for study because they are used in Korea’s crop improvement programs; however, their root traits have not been sufficiently investigated. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the accessions of all measured root traits. Distribution analysis demonstrated that most of the root traits followed normal distribution. The accessions showed up to a 17-fold increase in the values in contrasting accessions for the root traits. For total root length (TRL), the values ranged from 82.43 to 1435 cm, and for surface area (SA), they ranged from 12.30 to 208.39 cm2. The values for average diameter (AD) ranged from 0.23 to 0.56 mm. Significant differences were observed for other traits. Overall, the results showed that the accession IT 305544 had the highest TRL, SA, and number of tips (NT), whereas IT 262477 and IT 262492 showed the lowest values for TRL, SA, and AD. Principal component analysis showed an 89% variance for PC1 and PC2. K-mean clustering explained 77.4% of the variance in the data and grouped the accessions into three clusters. All six root traits had greater coefficients of variation (≥15%) among the tested accessions. Furthermore, to determine which root traits best distinguished different accessions, the correlation within our set of accessions provided trait-based ranking depending on their contribution. The identified accessions may be advantageous for the development of new crossing combinations to improve root features in adzuki beans during the early growth stage. The root traits assessed in this study could be attributes for future adzuki bean crop selection and improvement.

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Section: Characterization Of Wild Adzuki Beans Based On Root Traits and Importance For Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Root Imaging Analysis Reveals Wide Variation in Root Morphology of Wild Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) Accessions

Tayade

Kim

Tripathi

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…In the present study, among the measured root traits, the maximal root depth, total root length, root mass, root length (coarse), and root length (fine) significantly differed among the tested genotypes (Table 1), indicating the importance of these root traits in root system function. Studies have shown that these root traits are most important for water and nutrient acquisition [15,[42][43][44]. Soybean selection and breeding programs mainly focus on aboveground traits and yield, with the impact on root traits often ignored [27,41].…”

Section: Variation Among Root Architecture Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root system architecture (RSA) is plastic and dynamic, allowing plants to respond to their environments to enhance nutrients and water acquisition [14,15]. Alterations to root growth and RSA are critical adaptive strategies of crops to cope with drought, soil infertility, and other edaphic stresses [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System

Liu

Begum

et al. 2021

Plants

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Phenotypic variation and correlations among root traits form the basis for selecting and breeding soybean varieties with efficient access to water and nutrients and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and consistent system to study root traits in soybean. In this study, we adopted the semi-hydroponic system to investigate the variability in root morphological traits of 171 soybean genotypes popularized in the Yangtze and Huaihe River regions, eastern China. Highly diverse phenotypes were observed: shoot height (18.7–86.7 cm per plant with a median of 52.3 cm); total root length (208–1663 cm per plant with a median of 885 cm); and root mass (dry weight) (19.4–251 mg per plant with a median of 124 mg). Both total root length and root mass exhibited significant positive correlation with shoot mass (p ≤ 0.05), indicating their relationship with plant growth and adaptation strategies. The nine selected traits contributed to one of the two principal components (eigenvalues > 1), accounting for 78.9% of the total genotypic variation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis separated the 171 genotypes into five major groups based on these root traits. Three selected genotypes with contrasting root systems were validated in soil-filled rhizoboxes (1.5 m deep) until maturity. Consistent ranking of the genotypes in some important root traits at various growth stages between the two experiments indicates the reliability of the semi-hydroponic system in phenotyping root trait variability at the early growth stage in soybean germplasms.

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“…A previous study investigated 209 maize inbred lines using primary root length, seed root length, and seed root number at 35 days after germination under both normal water supply and drought conditions, and 7 root candidate genes were identified [ 31 ]. Moreover, under two different nitrate level treatments, 55 candidate genes significantly associated with 21 RSA and 3 aboveground traits were identified by GWAS [ 32 ]. In recent years, the construction of co-expression networks using gene expression data can be powerful for interpreting candidate genes through integrating GWAS results [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study of Root System Architecture in Maize

Ren

Zhao

et al. 2022

Genes

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Roots are important plant organs for the absorption of water and nutrients. To date, there have been few genome-wide association studies of maize root system architecture (RSA) in the field. The genetic basis of maize RSA is poorly understood, and the maize RSA-related genes that have been cloned are very limited. Here, 421 maize inbred lines of an association panel were planted to measure the root systems at the maturity stage, and a genome-wide association study was performed. There was a strong correlation among eight RSA traits, and the RSA traits were highly correlated with the aboveground plant architecture traits (e.g., plant height and ear leaf length, r = 0.13–0.25, p < 0.05). The RSA traits of the stiff stalk subgroup (SS) showed lower values than those of the non-stiff stalk subgroup (NSS) and tropical/subtropical subgroup (TST). Using the RSA traits, the genome-wide association study identified 63 SNPs and 189 candidate genes. Among them, nine candidate genes co-localized between RSA and aboveground architecture traits. A further co-expression analysis identified 88 candidate genes having high confidence levels. Furthermore, we identified four highly reliable RSA candidate genes, GRMZM2G099797, GRMZM2G354338, GRMZM2G085042, and GRMZM5G812926. This research provides theoretical support for the genetic improvement of maize root systems, and it identified candidate genes that may act as genetic resources for breeding.

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Evaluation of maize root growth and genome-wide association studies of root traits in response to low nitrogen supply at seedling emergence

Cited by 31 publications

References 76 publications

High-Throughput Root Imaging Analysis Reveals Wide Variation in Root Morphology of Wild Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) Accessions

High-Throughput Root Imaging Analysis Reveals Wide Variation in Root Morphology of Wild Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) Accessions

Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System

Genome-Wide Association Study of Root System Architecture in Maize

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