Evaluation of Macro- and Microelement Levels in Black Tea in View of Its Geographical Origin

Brzezicha-Cirocka, Justyna; Grembecka, Małgorzata; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Flaten, Trond Peder; Szefer, Piotr

doi:10.1007/s12011-016-0849-2

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the content of trace elements in the studied black teas, Mn was by far the element characterized by the highest concentration, which is well known and in agreement with many previous reports [ 8 , 18 , 40 , 41 ]. High content of Mn in black tea may support antioxidant activity of the body, as this metal is a crucial constituent of superoxide dismutase [ 6 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In another study performed by Brzezicha-Cirocka et al, the level of Ca in original black teas was 1550–1610 mg/kg in original teas, and no statistical differences between products from different origins were revealed. Interestingly, the average level of Ca in blended teas was much higher in comparison to original products (2640 mg/kg) [ 41 ]. The results of the present study, as well as data obtained by other authors, indicate that the concentration of Ca in black teas is very differentiated, and connected not only to origin, but also to the type of product and manufacturer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach

et al. 2021

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A comprehensive approach to the mineral composition of black teas of different origins was studied using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method, supported by chemometric tools including Principal Component Analysis PCA) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Significant differences between the teas from seven countries (Japan, Nepal, Kenya, Iran, Sri Lanka, India, and China) were shown. K was the main element determined in all teas, with an average concentration of 11,649 mg/kg, followed by Ca, Mg and Mn. In general, regarding all investigated black teas, the element content was ranked in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Na > Zn > Cu. The applied chemometric methods allowed us to recognize black tea clusters based on their mineral composition and place of cultivation, and allowed us to find correlations between particular elements in black teas. The performed analyses revealed interesting correlations between the concentration of various elements in black teas: K was negatively correlated with Na, Fe, Mn and Cu; K was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg. Significant positive correlations between Mn and Fe and Mn and Zn in the studied black tea samples were also revealed. It was shown that mineral composition may be a significant factor regarding the origin of the black tea, not only considering the country, but also the region or province.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach

et al. 2021

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“…Geographical origin of black tea samples was investigated to demonstrate its impact on the level of macro- and microelements, and it was found, similarly as in our studies, that differentiation of teas was possible based on concentrations of metallic elements [ 21 ]. Moreover, statistical methods, such as cluster analysis and factor analysis, appeared to be good tools, which enabled to differentiate samples in terms of their provenance, as in our investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Chemical Composition of Selected Commercial Herbal Remedies in Relation to Geographical Origin and Inter-Species Diversity

Konieczyński

Viapiana

Lysiuk

et al. 2017

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Infusions prepared from medicinal herbs that are rich in flavonoids are very popular herbal remedies in societies of Eastern Europe. Therefore, the content of essential elements together with total flavonoids was analyzed in 65 commercially available samples of herbal drugs originating from Ukraine, Romania, and Belarus. The results showed that metallic elements (in mg kg−1 d.w.) have occurred in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu, both for total and water-extractable species. Total flavonoids were determined in the range from 10.0 to 191.8 mg g−1 d.w. Several significant correlations have been found between the analytes, especially among water-extractable Fe with other metals, and total flavonoids and Fe, Zn, and Mn. Analysis of variance has revealed significant differences among studied samples due to their origin from different countries, especially between Belarussian samples and others. Differences owing to belonging to various plant species were also found, as it was noticed in the case of Polygoni aviculare herba in comparison with other botanical plant species. Moreover, multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to gather herbal drugs based on similarity of chemical composition. CA grouped the samples into clusters with similar level of elements and total flavonoid contents, and PCA has indicated Hyperici herba, Tiliae flores, and Crataegi fructus as herbal remedies with close concentration of studied elements and flavonoids.

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“…The concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with an air-acetylene flame (FAAS) with deuterium background correction [36]. The analysis was performed in triplicate using Thermo Scientific i3000 (Waltham, MA, USA).…”

Section: Analysis Of Iron and Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Beetroot-Based Dietary Supplements

Brzezińska

Szewczyk

Brzezicha

et al. 2021

Foods

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In the European Union, no specific requirements for the physicochemical parameters of dietary supplements have been established, contrary to the United States of America. This research aimed to assess the selected physical parameters of 31 commercially available beetroot-based dietary supplements in the form of tablets and capsules following the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) guidelines and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations. There was also estimated zinc and iron content by atomic absorption spectroscopy with flame detection. Results showed that nine products did not meet the USP requirements. Seven supplements needed more than 30 min to disintegrate. Two products in the form of tablets did not pass the friability test because of cracking. The hardness values varied significantly between manufacturers, demonstrating values from 59.1 to 455.8 N. The iron-enriched supplements differed significantly in iron content compared with the manufacturers’ declaration (84.91–140.69%). Inappropriate quality of dietary supplements, which may constitute a potential risk to consumers, can be related to the lack of specific regulations in Europe; hence, similar to the USA requirements should be considered in the European Union. The work emphasizes the need to better control the quality of dietary supplements before they are introduced to the European market.

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Evaluation of Macro- and Microelement Levels in Black Tea in View of Its Geographical Origin

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach

Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach

Chemical Composition of Selected Commercial Herbal Remedies in Relation to Geographical Origin and Inter-Species Diversity

Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Beetroot-Based Dietary Supplements

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