Evaluation of LPWAN Technologies for Smart Cities: River Monitoring Use-Case

Guibène, Wael; Nowack, Johannes; Chalikias, Nikolaos; Fitzgibbon, K.T.; Kelly, Mark; Prendergast, David

doi:10.1109/wcncw.2017.7919089

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…These technologies typically follow a star topology, which means the IoT end-devices with sensors and actuators connect directly with a gateway. This operational model not only minimises deployment complexity, but also promotes further adoption of IoT in the context of smart cities [6] and the Industrial IoT [7].…”

Section: Background and Related Work 21 Lpwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Jamming of LoRaWAN using Commodity Hardware

Aras

Small

Ramachandran

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 14th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services

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Long range, low power networks are rapidly gaining acceptance in the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their ability to economically support long-range sensing and control applications while providing multi-year battery life. LoRa is a key example of this new class of network and is being deployed at large scale in several countries worldwide. As these networks move out of the lab and into the real world, they expose a large cyber-physical attack surface. Securing these networks is therefore both critical and urgent. This paper highlights security issues in LoRa and LoRaWAN that arise due to the choice of a robust but slow modulation type in the protocol. We exploit these issues to develop a suite of practical attacks based around selective jamming. These attacks are conducted and evaluated using commodity hardware. The paper concludes by suggesting a range of countermeasures that can be used to mitigate the attacks.Comment: Mobiquitous 2017, November 7-10, 2017, Melbourne, VIC, Australi

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Section: Background and Related Work 21 Lpwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Jamming of LoRaWAN using Commodity Hardware

Aras

Small

Ramachandran

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 14th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services

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“…The designed system is capable of keeping track of floating-point cases for rivers and the seas. Guibene et al [103] share the results of the LoRa river monitoring system with air and water temperature, river depth, solar/battery performance, and barometric pressure. Almeida et al [104] aim to solve multi-technology environmental monitoring in Smart Cities such as both static and moving elements, such as cars, bicycles, aquatic and aerial drones.…”

Section: Lorawan Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

et al. 2019

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Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities. Several LPWANs emerged on both licensed and unlicensed bands, LoRaWAN, Sigfox and, NB-IoT are widely deployed vital technologies [3].Sigfox is an ultra-narrow band network that is patented and operated by Sigfox. Sigfox occupies 100 Hz and operates at 433MHz, 868MHz and 915MHz frequencies depending on the geographical regions. Technology has strict constraints on the number of packets (140 per day) and the packet size (12 bytes) to be sent. Also, LoRaWAN has similar policies to prevent network congestion allowing channels to be available only %1 duty-cycle for EU 868MHz (See Section 2.4.7). NB-IoT is an ultra-narrow band technology developed by the 3GPP group which can be adopted on GSM and LTE networks. It occupies 200 MHz bandwidth and can reach up to 200 kbps data transmission speed. Compared to LoRaWAN, Sigfox and NB-IoT operated by global network operators which limit deployments of the private networks [4].An overview comparison of the three networks is shown in Table 1. When LPWAN characteristics are considered LoRaWAN becomes a strong candidate for both scientific and industrial uses cases.LoRa referrer to Long Range and a physical layer technology patented by Semtech [5].LoRaWAN is an open protocol proposed by the LoRa Alliance which enables the MAC layer for the network [6].In this study, we will introduce the technological aspects of LoRaWAN and the state of art studies fulfilled about LoRaWAN till today. LoRaWAN protocol was first released in 2015 and had a few minor revisions, the differences in the protocol has been highlighted in the relevant subsection. In the survey, we will introduce LoRaWAN in depth both technological aspects and the use cases of its different areas. We categorized literature studies as in Figure 1. Studies are classified as two main sections; network technology and the applications, each section has own sub-branches. The majority of the work is focused on the coverage tests and applicability of the technology for different fields from large scale smart city applications to personal tracking assets. However, there are still gaps in the literature where researchers can address these problems such as post-disaster communication, decentralized networks, network management, and Adaptive Data Rate.

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“…It can harvest energy, give power to attached sensors, collect and process data from these sensors and transmit it through the air, while sustaining its own power management [1,2]. Application fields of the IoT world are constantly expanding and with it, researched sensor platforms [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors as Guarantors for Energy Sustainability in Low-Power Energy Harvesting Sensor Modules

Purković¹

2019

Exergy and Its Application - Toward Green Energy Production and Sustainable Environment

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Energy harvesting, low-power sensor modules are characterised by their energy independence, power consumption, size, robustness to withstand the environmental conditions, maintenance demand and long term operation. To secure any of these conditions focus has to be put on the device energy reservoir. Traditional approach would reach for the battery and at the very beginning of the development, accept the limitations that go along with it. These limitations in form of high temperature difference dependency, current peaks, limited charge cycles, loss of operating voltage and capacity, soon become constraints in the sensor module life cycle. Answer to these constraints and a guarantor of a long sensor module life cycle is a supercapacitor. An energy storage which does not have any special charging requests, other than ensuring that the maximum voltage is not exceeded, or that a minimum voltage is not reached. Supercapacitors have a low ESR (equivalent series resistance), typically of the order of 100 mΩ. This reduces internal losses during charge and discharge cycles allowing them to handle current surges without the output voltage dropping significantly. Lithium-ion supercapacitors especially have good self-discharge characteristics and retain their voltage for years.

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Evaluation of LPWAN Technologies for Smart Cities: River Monitoring Use-Case

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Selective Jamming of LoRaWAN using Commodity Hardware

Selective Jamming of LoRaWAN using Commodity Hardware

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

Supercapacitors as Guarantors for Energy Sustainability in Low-Power Energy Harvesting Sensor Modules

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