“…Thus, LIPUS can directly stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts mechanically, induce the ossification of cartilage, and increase bone mineralization. Other mechanisms of action of LIPUS include change in function of cell membrane and subsequently increased the level of cellular calcium, stimulation of fibroblast activity, increased protein synthesis, enhanced permeability of vessels and angiogenesis [ 19 ]. It seems that LIPUS increases the expression of genes involved in osteogenesis by osteoblasts such as Runt-related transcription factor-2, alkaline phosphatase, osteorix, and cyclin-D1, which explains the pro-osteogenesis effects of LIPUS [ 20 ].…”