Evaluation of low-cost viral concentration methods in wastewaters: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 pandemic surveillances

Salvo, Matías; Moller, Ana; Alvareda, Elena; Gamazo, Pablo; Colina, Rodney; Victoria, Matías

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114249

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Additionally, the clinical respiratory tract infections show similarities [30]. Because of all these resemblances, BCoV has already been suggested and successfully employed as a SARS-CoV(-2) surrogate in many different applications [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces

2021

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It has been proven that visible light with a wavelength of about 405 nm exhibits an antimicrobial effect on bacteria and fungi if the irradiation doses are high enough. Hence, the question arises as to whether this violet light would also be suitable to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Therefore, a high-intensity light source was developed and applied to irradiate bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), which are employed as SARS-CoV-2 surrogates for safety reasons. Irradiation is performed in virus solutions diluted with phosphate buffered saline and on steel surfaces. Significant virus reduction by several log levels was observed both in the liquid and on the surface within half an hour with average log reduction doses of 57.5 and 96 J/cm2, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that 405 nm irradiation has an antiviral effect on coronaviruses, but special attention should be paid to the presence of photosensitizers in the virus environment in future experiments. Technically, visible violet radiation is therefore suitable for coronavirus reduction, but the required radiation doses are difficult to achieve rapidly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces

2021

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“…As a control of the viral concentration process, 100 μL and 50 μL of PP7 bacteriophage (1.0 × 10 6 genomic copies/μL) were added to 10 L of surface water and 500 ml of wastewater samples, respectively. Wastewater samples were concentrated with PEG precipitation method, according to the protocol described by Lewis and Metcalf ( 1988 ) with modifications (Salvo et al, 2021 ). Briefly, weights of centrifugation pots were registered, 500 ml of sample was distributed in two bottles (250 ml each) and centrifuged at 4750 xg for 20 min at 4 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Year Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Rotavirus in Water Matrices from a Hot Spring Area

et al. 2022

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The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still impacting not only on human health but also all economic activities, especially in those related to tourism. In this study, in order to characterize the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a hot spring park in Uruguay, swimming pools water, wastewater, and surface water from this area were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Wastewater from Salto city located next to the hydrothermal spring area was also evaluated as well as the presence of Rotavirus (RV). Overall, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 13% (13/102) of the analyzed samples. Moreover, this virus was not detected in any of the samples from the swimming pools water and was present in 18% (3/17) of wastewater samples from the hotels area showing the same trend between the titer of SARS-CoV-2 and the number of infected people in Salto city. SARS-CoV-2 was also detected in wastewater samples (32% (11/34)) from Salto city, detecting the first positive sample when 105 persons were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Rotavirus was detected only in 10% (2/24) of the wastewater samples analyzed in months when partial lockdown measures were taken, however, this virus was detected in nearly all wastewater samples analyzed when social distancing measures and partial lockdown were relaxed. Wastewater results confirmed the advantages of using the detection and quantification of viruses in this matrix in order to evaluate the presence of these viruses in the population, highlighting the usefulness of this approach to define and apply social distancing. This study suggests that waters from swimming pools are not a source of infection for SARS-CoV-2, although more studies are needed including infectivity assays in order to confirm this statement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12560-022-09537-w.

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“…The PEG concentration efficiencies in this study were 82.7% and 50.3% with geometric standard deviations 1.7 and 2.1 for PEG-DC and PEG-QVR, respectively, showing relatively stable and high performances. Previous studies have shown that the virus concentration rates from wastewater treated with PEG were as low as less than 10% in some cases (Salvo et al 2021, Philo et al, 2021, Barril et al 2021). In addition, there is no unified or standardized method for the concentration of the is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint…”

Section: Efficacy Of Virus Detection Processmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The concentration efficiency was thought to vary significantly with the reported cases and workers. Therefore, although virus concentration by the PEG was a relatively low-cost method and has been applied in many studies (Salvo et al, 2021, LaTurner et al, 2021, in practice, it was necessary to select the optimized conditions depending on the target virus and the condition of the wastewater sample.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Virus Detection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, the PEG is broadly used in WBE for SARS-CoV-2 because it is representative and inexpensive (Hata et al, 2020, Farkas et al, 2021, Kocamemi et al, 2020., Graham et al, 2021, D'Aoust et al, 2021. Although the efficiency of concentration by PEG is not high and stable, it has been known that the efficiency varies with the sample condition and the operator skill (Salvo et al 2021, Ahamed et al, 2020, Hata et al, 2021, Torii et al, 2022. In addition, the addition PEG and NaCl amounts, incubation time, and centrifugation conditions vary with study, and no standardized recommended conditions have been determined (Wu et al, 2020b, Lewis and Metcalf 1988, Kocamemi et al 2020, Barril et al, 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a novel direct capture method for virus concentration n wastewater from COVID-19 infectious ward and correlation analysis with the number of inpatients

Inaba

Nakao

Imamura

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The global outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has increased the focus of Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies as a tool for understanding the epidemic and risk management. A highly sensitive and rapid method for the virus concentration from wastewater is needed to obtain the accurate information for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and epidemic. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of the direct capture method provided from Promega, based on column adsorption using the wastewater from actual infectious diseases ward. The efficiency of the nucleic acid extraction-purification process was also evaluated by Maxwell® RSC instrument (fully automated extraction) and QIAamp Viral RNA mini kit (manual extraction). The obtained SARS-CoV-2 data from wastewater were analyzed with the number of inpatients which is the consideration of the severity and the days of onset. The combination of direct capture and Maxwell’s method (DC-MW) was suggested to be a highly sensitive and simple method with better concentration efficiency and quantification than other methods. Moreover, the inpatient conditions (severity and days of after onset) should be considered to accurately understand the actual status of the correlation between the number of inpatients and SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater. The highly sensitive method of DC-MW was suggested to assess more actual situation of SARS-CoV-2 shedding into the wastewater.

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Evaluation of low-cost viral concentration methods in wastewaters: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 pandemic surveillances

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces

High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces

One-Year Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Rotavirus in Water Matrices from a Hot Spring Area

Evaluation of a novel direct capture method for virus concentration n wastewater from COVID-19 infectious ward and correlation analysis with the number of inpatients

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