Evaluation of LoRa Technology for Vehicle and Asset Tracking in Smart Harbors

Priyanta, Irfan Fachrudin; Golatowski, Frank; Schulz, Thorsten; Timmermann, Dirk

doi:10.1109/iecon.2019.8927566

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, compared to NS-3 LoRaWAN, FLoRa implementation is more difficult. Many researchers have validated, improved or extended their work using either the different implementations of the NS-3-based LoRaWAN modules or their proposed LoRaWAN modules in the NS-3 simulator [ 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 ]. A comparison of NS-3, FLoRa and LoRaSim with a focus on the LoRa/LoRaWAN framework is given in Table 9 .…”

Section: Low Power Wide Area Network (Lpwans) Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks

Idris

Karunathilake

Förster

2022

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important emerging technologies, spanning a myriad of possible applications, especially with the increasing number and variety of connected devices. Several network simulation tools have been developed with widely varying focuses and used in many research fields. Thus, it is critical to simulate the work of such systems and applications before actual deployment. This paper explores the landscape of available IoT and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) simulators and compares their performance using the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) communication technology called LoRa (Long Range), which has recently gained a lot of interest. Using a systematic approach, we present a chronological survey of available IoT and WSNs simulation tools. With this, we categorized and content-analyzed published scientific papers in the IoT and WSNs simulation tools research domain by highlighting the simulation tools, study type, scope of study and performance measures of the studies. Next, we present an overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its architecture, transmission parameters, device classes and available simulation tools. Furthermore, we discussed three popular open-source simulation tools/frameworks, namely, NS-3, OMNeT++ (FLoRa) and LoRaSim, for the simulation of LoRa/LoRaWAN networks. Finally, we evaluate their performance in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), CPU utilization, memory usage, execution time and the number of collisions.

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Section: Low Power Wide Area Network (Lpwans) Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks

Idris

Karunathilake

Förster

2022

Sensors

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“…is essential but it is a challenges task because of the lack of proper communication infrastructure and harsh environment of the harbor. In [97], authors present the different parts and typical operations in a harbor. Then, they investigate the LoRaWAN technology to locate and track assets in harbors.…”

Section: Lorawan-based Outdoor Positioning In Application-specific Iot Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Large-scale deployments of the Internet of Things (IoT) are adopted for performance improvement and cost reduction in several application domains. The four main IoT application domains covered throughout this article are smart cities, smart transportation, smart healthcare, and smart manufacturing. To increase IoT applicability, data generated by the IoT devices need to be time-stamped and spatially contextualized. LPWANs have become an attractive solution for outdoor localization and received significant attention from the research community due to low-power, low-cost, and long-range communication. In addition, its signals can be used for communication and localization simultaneously. There are different proposed localization methods to obtain the IoT relative location. Each category of these proposed methods has pros and cons that make them useful for specific IoT systems. Nevertheless, there are some limitations in proposed localization methods that need to be eliminated to meet the IoT ecosystem needs completely. This has motivated this work and provided the following contributions: (1) definition of the main requirements and limitations of outdoor localization techniques for the IoT ecosystem, (2) description of the most relevant GNSS-free outdoor localization methods with a focus on LPWAN technologies, (3) survey the most relevant methods used within the IoT ecosystem for improving GNSS-free localization accuracy, and (4) discussion covering the open challenges and future directions within the field. Some of the important open issues that have different requirements in different IoT systems include energy consumption, security and privacy, accuracy, and scalability. This paper provides an overview of research works that have been published between 2018 to July 2021 and made available through the Google Scholar database.

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“…Regarding unlicensed technologies, both LoRaWAN and Sigfox have been tested for asset tracking purposes, with different feedbacks though. Indeed, LoRa [ 14 ] and LoRaWAN [ 15 ] proved to be viable solutions to achieve decent tracking: however, the limitation concerning the use of this technology comes from the requirement of having a distributed network infrastructure, whose capillarity has to be the largest possible to localize assets also in remote areas. For this reason, solutions available in literature only focus on asset tracking in limited areas, while the lack of a global infrastructure remains the biggest limit to a large scale use for tracking purposes within supply chain context.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoPATraN: Low Power Asset Tracking by Means of Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) Technology

Parrino

Peruzzi

Pozzebon

2021

Sensors

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The narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) communication standard is gaining momentum within the big picture of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) owing to its capabilities of ensuring pervasive and wide coverage while limiting power consumption. Therefore, it turns out to be a valuable enabling technology within a considerable number of applications. Apart from traditional remote monitoring and data acquisition purposes where comparable Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) facilities have ruled for years, NB-IoT can potentially carve out space within specific alcoves in which low latency, low power, high data-rates and ubiquitous coverage are fundamentals requirements. Long term asset tracking definitely falls within such niches, and in particular NB-IoT can become a valuable alternative to be exploited by both replacing the conventional Global Position System (GPS) system, or supporting it. To this end, this paper proposes an innovative tracking system prototype for asset shipping which relies on two enabling technologies: GPS and NB-IoT. While position transmission is always put into effect via NB-IoT, it can be fetched by resorting to both GPS (like a standard tracker) or NB-IoT (thus establishing a GPS-less method). As a result, two localization techniques are arranged: the former one is preciser but energy hungrier, while the latter one is coarser but more low power. Such working principles were successfully tested on the field by means of two road tests in as much itineraries. Tests results are in agreement with the expectations underlying the two working principles since the finer one provides a more accurate tracking. In addition, a consumption analysis was also performed aiming at assessing the prototype lifetime. Finally, tests pursuing the assessment of the tracking error were carried out underling the fact that it strongly depends on the geographic deployment of NB-IoT towers.

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Evaluation of LoRa Technology for Vehicle and Asset Tracking in Smart Harbors

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks

Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks

GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review

LoPATraN: Low Power Asset Tracking by Means of Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) Technology

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