Evaluation of long-term glucose homeostasis in lean and obese cats by use of continuous glucose monitoring

Hoenig, Margarethe; Pach, Nicole M; Thomaseth, Karl; DeVries, Frerich; Ferguson, Duncan C.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.7.1100

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The feeding method (eg, single meal daily vs multiple meals or continuous access to food) also alters the glucose response with higher glucose peaks after a single large meal. 23,28,29 Furthermore, there is currently no evidence that the reported elevations in blood glucose or insulin are detrimental rather than simply physiologic. Published research also does not support a risk for obesity from carbohydrates in cat foods.…”

Section: Body Weight and Body Composition Changes With Agementioning

confidence: 95%

Nutrition of Aging Cats

Laflamme¹,

Gunn-Moore

2014

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Body Weight and Body Composition Changes With Agementioning

confidence: 95%

Nutrition of Aging Cats

Laflamme¹,

Gunn-Moore

2014

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Insulin and glucose concentrations were not different in the postprandial state compared with the fasted state in all groups. We have recently shown that obese cats, unless prediabetic, do not have different glucose concentrations than lean cats and do not show great inter-day variability when monitored for a 7-day period during their daily routine with a continuous glucose monitoring system (27). Even when 40% of the diet consisted of glucose, only a small increase in blood glucose was seen at 1 h postfeeding but not at 3 or 6 h (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of macronutrients, age, and obesity on 6- and 24-h postprandial glucose metabolism in cats

Hoenig

Jordan

Glushka

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Effect of macronutrients, age, and obesity on 6-and 24-h postprandial glucose metabolism in cats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R1798 -R1807, 2011. First published September 21, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00342.2011.-Obesity and age are risk factors for feline diabetes. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that age, long-term obesity, and dietary composition would lead to peripheral and hepatorenal insulin resistance, indicated by higher endogenous glucose production (EGP) in the fasted and postprandial state, higher blood glucose and insulin, and higher leptin, free thyroxine, and lower adiponectin concentrations. Using triple tracer-2 H2O, [U-13 C3] propionate, and [3,4-13 C2] glucose infusion, and indirect calorimetry-we investigated carbohydrate and fat metabolic pathways in overnight-fasted neutered cats (13 young lean, 12 old lean, and 12 old obese), each fed three different diets (high protein with and without polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high carbohydrate) in a crossover design. EGP was lowest in fasted and postprandial obese cats despite peripheral insulin resistance, indicated by hyperinsulinemia. Gluconeogenesis was the most important pathway for EGP in all groups, but glycogen contributed significantly. Insulin and leptin concentrations were higher in old than in young lean cats; adiponectin was lowest in obese cats but surprisingly highest in lean old cats. Diet had little effect on metabolic parameters. We conclude that hepatorenal insulin resistance does not develop in the fasted or postprandial state, even in long-term obese cats, allowing the maintenance of euglycemia through lowering EGP. Glycogen plays a major role in EGP, especially in lean fasted cats, and in the postprandial state. Aging may predispose to insulin resistance, which is a risk factor for diabetes in cats. Mechanisms underlying the high adiponectin of healthy old lean cats need to be further explored. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; adipocytokines; indirect calorimetry; glycogenolysis; insulin resistance; endogenous glucose production IN MAN AND IN CATS, obesity and age are factors in the development of diabetes (8, 69). As in people, the incidence of feline obesity and diabetes has increased dramatically in the past 3 decades (2,8). Obesity is now the most common nutritional disorder in cats, and diabetes is one of the most common endocrinopathies in aging cats. Little is known about the metabolic changes in obese cats and the influence of age and food intake on metabolic parameters that contribute to increasing obesity and diabetes.Cats are obligatory carnivores that naturally subsist on a high-protein and high-fat diet. It has been stated anecdotally that glycogen contributes less to glucose production in cats than other species. Rogers et al. (61) reported that cats cannot readily adapt their sources of glucose production, a notion that has been refuted by others (25,26,65,66). We have previously shown that, in fasted cats, fractional gluconeogenesis (GNG) and glycogenolysis is similar to hum...

show abstract

“…Although most obese cats seem to compensate for their peripheral insulin resistance and maintain normal fasting and post prandial glucose levels for extended periods (Hoenig et al, 2012), obesity in cats is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes. In fact, obese cats have an almost 4 times increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus compared to cats with an optimal body weight (Scarlett and Donoghue, 1998).…”

Section: Dogs and Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats

Osto

Lutz

2015

European Journal of Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A prolonged imbalance between a relative increase in energy intake over a decrease in energy expenditure results in the development of obesity; extended periods of a positive energy balance eventually lead to the accumulation of abnormally high amounts of fat in adipose tissue but also in other organs. Obesity is considered a clinical state of impaired general heath in which the excessive increase in adipose tissue mass may be associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses briefly the use of animal models for the study of obesity and its comorbidities. Generally, most studies are performed with rodents, such as diet induced obesity and genetic models. Here, we focus specifically on two different species, namely dogs and cats. Obese dogs and cats show many features of human obesity. Interestingly, however, dogs and cats differ from each other in certain aspects because even though obese dogs may become insulin resistant, this does not result in the development of diabetes mellitus. In fact, diabetes in dogs is typically not associated with obesity because dogs present a type 1 diabetes-like syndrome. On the other hand, obese cats often develop diabetes mellitus which shares many features with human type 2 diabetes; feline and human diabetes are similar in respect to their pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. Our review discusses genetic and endocrine factors in obesity, discusses obesity induced changes in lipid metabolism and includes some recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in obesity. Compared to research in rodent models, the array of available techniques and tools is unfortunately still rather limited in dogs and cats. Hence, even though physiological and pathophysiological phenomena are well described in dogs and cats, the underlying mechanisms are often not known and studies investigating causality specifically are scarce. diabetes; feline and human diabetes are similar in respect to their pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. Our review discusses genetic and endocrine factors in obesity, discusses obesity induced changes in lipid metabolism and includes some recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in obesity. Compared to research in rodent models, the array of available techniques and tools is unfortunately still rather limited in dogs and cats.Hence, even though physiological and pathophysiological phenomena are well described in dogs and cats, the underlying mechanisms are often not known and studies investigating causality specifically are scarce.

show abstract

Evaluation of long-term glucose homeostasis in lean and obese cats by use of continuous glucose monitoring

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Nutrition of Aging Cats

Nutrition of Aging Cats

Effect of macronutrients, age, and obesity on 6- and 24-h postprandial glucose metabolism in cats

Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About