Evaluation of Lithium-Ion Battery Performance under Variable Climatic Conditions: Influence on the Driving Range of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The goal of this paper is the evaluation of lithium-ion batteries that power electric vehicles (EVs) under variable climatic conditions to determine how the driving range of a vehicle is modified because of changes in battery performance caused by the variability of environmental conditions. The influence of sudden changes in ambient temperature on the performance of the battery that powers electric vehicles has been studied and analyzed. The study is focused on how trips across geographical zones with different climates affect the autonomy of an electric vehicle’s battery, and thus the driving range of the electric vehicle (EV). A model has been developed to reproduce on a laboratory scale the real conditions to which EVs are subject when circulating under fluctuating temperatures, which force the battery to operate in a transient or non-steady state. A simulation has been run for different climatic conditions to evaluate the performance of the battery and the driving range of the electric vehicle under variable operating conditions. A laboratory prototype has been designed and built to validate the modeling and to adjust the theoretical approach to experimental values through the corresponding correction factor in case significant deviations occur. The model has been validated for a simulated route that reproduces a real driving trip for specific geographical areas. The model indicates that there is a shortening in the global driving range of 43.5 km over a trip distance of 538 km, which means there is a reduction of 8%. The simulation has been applied to a specific geographical area in the nearby of the city of Lyon (France), for a temperature gap of 39 °C, from −6 °C to 33 °C, but can also be used for almost any other zones, although the reduction in driving range may vary because of specific climate conditions.

Battery Management for Improved Performance in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

“…Retrieving data from the literature, we obtain electric, mechanic and generator efficiency [33], and battery performance [34]. From these values, we can determine the combined energy consumption as a function of the operational electric mode fraction.…”

Hybrid Power Source Assisted by Renewable Energies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

“…Electric vehicle battery supplies the required energy for the electric engine. Nevertheless, to obtain the battery power and energy capacity, we should apply energy losses derived from transmission system and battery discharge; therefore: In current conditions, transmission and battery discharge efficiency is 0.855 [78][79][80][81][82] and 0.95 [83,84]; replacing in Equation 10 and using data from Equation 9:…”

Quality of Service and Associated Communication Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

“…EVs can benefit from various battery technologies, including lead-ac PbO2), nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-metal-hydride (Ni-MH), zinc-bromine (Z sodium chloride-nickel (NA-NiCl), sodium-sulfur (Na-S), and lithium ion ba Lithium ion batteries are widely preferred due to their high energy density and lo discharge capacity rates [35]. A recent study [36] incorporated a meticulously de A comprehensive analysis of battery technologies used in EVs is presented in this study [33,34]. EVs can benefit from various battery technologies, including lead-acid (Pb-PbO2), nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-metal-hydride (Ni-MH), zinc-bromine (Zn-Br2), sodium chloride-nickel (NA-NiCl), sodium-sulfur (Na-S), and lithium ion batteries.…”

“…Lithium ion batteries are widely preferred due to their high energy density and low selfdischarge capacity rates [35]. A recent study [36] incorporated a meticulously designed software application into the control module to faithfully replicate real-world driving scenarios. The study's results indicate that changes in the surrounding temperature impact an electric vehicle's driving range, following an inverse potential function relative to its operational temperature.…”