Evaluation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides YML003 as a probiotic against low-pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) virus in chickens

Abstract

Aim: The aims of the study were to isolate anti‐H9N2 bacteria from Korean Kimchi isolates and to evaluate its performance in cell line, egg and in specific pathogen‐free (SPF) chickens. Methods and Results: Using Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, 220 bacterial isolates were screened and the isolate YML003 was selected having pronounced antiviral activity against H9N2 virus. This isolate was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anti‐H9N2 activity of the strain was also evaluated by hemagglutination assay. Leuconostoc mesenteroides YML003 was assessed for its survival in gastric juice and 5% bile acid and the antibiotic susceptibility. Both live and heat‐killed cells were selected for in vivo chicken feeding experiment. Body weight, immune index, serobiochemical parameters and splenic IFN‐γ production were assessed during selected intervals. Viral population in the trachea and cloacae were calculated by quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT‐PCR). Conclusions: Leuconostoc mesenteroides YML003 exhibited anti‐H9N2 activity both in in vitro cell line as well as in vivo SPF Chickens. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is a primary report on the anti‐H9N2 activity by a Leuconostoc strain. Amid the increasing reports of avian influenza virus occurrence resulting in severe losses to the poultry industry, prophylactic administration of such probiotic strains are highly significant.

Antibiotic resistance, hemolysis and biogenic amine production assessments of Leuconostoc and Weissella isolates for kimchi starter development

“…Biogenic amine production (ppm) Daily, 2014; Seo et al, 2012). However, the safety of these starters and probiotics is rarely mentioned in Korea, because they have generally been regarded as safe based on their long history of use as ingredients or processing aids in fermented foods.…”

Antiviral mode of action of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> YML009 on Influenza virus H1N1

“…The mixture was then injected into MDCK cells and incubated in DMEM with 2% (v/v) FBS, 1% (v/v) 100 U/mol penicillin, and 100 µg/mL streptomycin solution at 37°C in a humidified chamber under 5% CO2 for 2 days. The plates were observed for cytopathic effect (CPE) after 2 days and the absence of CPE was considered as presence of antiviral activity (Seo et al, 2012).…”

“…2-fold dilution of treated samples were made in 50 µL with phosphate buffered saline in V-form shape 96-well microplate. Serially diluted samples were reacted with equal volume of 1% chicken red blood cell at room temperature to allow hemagglutination reaction (Seo et al, 2012). …”

“…Fermented foods and dairy products have been known contain a variety of probiotic LAB strains (Hanniffy et al, 2004;Drouault and Corthier, 2001;Parvez et al, 2006). It was demonstrated that LAB probiotic strains were able to protect against infectious diseases (Corr et al, 2007;Youn et al, 2012), and display anti-allergic effects on immune diseases in mice (Fujiwara et al, 2004;Nagai et al, 2011), chicken (Seo et al, 2012) and humans (Nagao et al, 2000;Ishida et al, 2005). However, it remains unknown whether treatments with LAB can confer improved protection.…”

Leuconostoc mesenteroides SJRP55: a potential probiotic strain isolated from Brazilian water buffalo mozzarella cheese

“…Moreover, this microorganism has important technological properties, such as production of dextran, acetaldehyde, diacetyl and acetoin, lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, low production of acid, and ability to grow under stress conditions (acid, high salt content, and elevated temperature) (Nieto-Arribas et al 2010). Few research studies have observed the probiotic characteristics of this microorganism (Agarwal and Bhasin 2002;Aswathy et al 2008;Tamang et al 2009;Shobharani and Agrawal 2011;Allameh et al 2012;Seo et al 2012). These characteristics allow us to understand better the potential probiotic properties of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.…”