“…The total antioxidant activity were determined using the methods previously outlined by Hussain et al (2024) , the ability of the sample extracts to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was estimated. Briefly, 0.1 mL of ethanoic extracts were mixed with a 2.9 mL of DPPH solution and the absorbance of the resultant solution was measured at wavelength 517 nm using a spectrophotometer after a 30 min incubation period.…”