Evaluation of Large-Scale Wing Vortex Wakes from Multi-Camera PIV Measurements in Free-Flight Laboratory

On-site cycling drag analysis with the Ring of Fire

“…Typical limitations encountered in wind tunnel tests of sport aerodynamics range from inaccurate scaling of shape and roughness, model blockage, interference of the support (Barlow et al 1999) or, for instance, when the flow behind accelerating objects is to be dealt with (Coutanceau and Bouard 1977). Additionally, the wake development far downstream of the model can be performed with more advantages when the model is towed (Scarano et al 2002) or catapulted in quiescent fluid (Von Carmer et al 2008). The transiting model approach has been successfully adopted to investigate also ground vehicle aerodynamics (Jönsson and Loose 2016) or animals in free flight (Hedenström and Johansson 2015;Ben-Gida et al 2013).…”

Aerodynamic drag of a transiting sphere by large-scale tomographic-PIV

“…In other cases, aerodynamic studies are conducted with the object moving in a quiescent fluid. This approach is needed for instance to study the flow behind accelerating objects (Coutanceau and Bouard 1977a) or the development of the wake of an aircraft over a large distance (Scarano et al 2002;Von Carmer et al 2008). Furthermore, instructive flow visualizations have been obtained of high-speed flight of a bullet in stagnant air (van Dyke 1982).…”

Uncertainty assessment of the Ring of Fire concept for on-site aerodynamic drag evaluation

“…Aerodynamic loads measurements and optimisation are relevant in a broad variety of sectors, including aeronautics and ground transportation, animal flight, and speed sports. Several approaches for measuring the aerodynamic forces, particularly drag, have been proposed in the past, including wind tunnel measurements (Jones, 1936;Laitone, 1997;Zdravkovich, 1990), towing force measurements (Tschepe et al, 2019;von Carmer et al, 2008), on-site measurements (Edwards & Byrnes, 2007;Le Good et al, 1998;Matschke & Heine, 2002;Usherwood et al, 2020) and numerical simulations by Computational Fluid Dynamics (Griffith et al, 2014;Khayrullina et al, 2015). Wind tunnel experiments often feature scaled models where the aerodynamic loads are measured with a force balance (Watkins et al, 1992).…”