Abstract:After the construction of an embankment at the Bay of Sihwa in Korea, a lake of 56.5 km2 surface area and 330 million m3 volume was created. Because of rapid socioenvironmental changes and the lowering of water quality in Lake Sihwa, various external measures have been proposed and some of them are being implemented. In this paper, we examine two alternatives for in-lake modification: one alternative is zoning of the lake by constructing two submerged dams and the other is channeling of the lake through reclam… Show more
“…Because the Shihwa Basin includes areas with industrial, agricultural, and coastal land use, the study are has experienced serious problems with air pollution [34][35][36][37].…”
/NO3− ratio of 2.3 is attributed to the influence of the surrounding industrial sources. Results from positive matrix factorization showed that the precipitation chemistry in Shihwa Basin was influenced by secondary nitrate and sulfate (41% ± 1.1%), followed by sea salt and Asian dust, contributing 23% ± 3.9% and 17% ± 0.2%, respectively. In this study, the annual trends of SO4
“…Because the Shihwa Basin includes areas with industrial, agricultural, and coastal land use, the study are has experienced serious problems with air pollution [34][35][36][37].…”
/NO3− ratio of 2.3 is attributed to the influence of the surrounding industrial sources. Results from positive matrix factorization showed that the precipitation chemistry in Shihwa Basin was influenced by secondary nitrate and sulfate (41% ± 1.1%), followed by sea salt and Asian dust, contributing 23% ± 3.9% and 17% ± 0.2%, respectively. In this study, the annual trends of SO4
“…The data of the table is based on the conditions in Australia. The construction cost per kilolitre of waterand cost per kilolitre of water of coastal reservoirs are calculated based on the existing coastal reservoirs in the world [33][34][35][36][37]. For inland reservoir, the data is based on statistical data of the UnitedNations [38].…”
“…The data of the table is based on the conditions in Australia. The construction cost per kilolitre of water and cost per kilolitre of water of coastal reservoirs are calculated based on the existing coastal reservoirs in the world [23][24][25][26][27]. For inland reservoir, the data is based on statistical data of the United Nations.…”
Section: Comparison Between Desalination Storm Water Harvesting Wasmentioning
Water use and access become a more and more important determinant of environmental equity and human development according to the view held by the UN [1]. Water scarcity is one of the major crises which has overarching implications for other world problems especially poverty, hunger, ecosystem degradation, desertification, climate change, threatening world peace and security [2]. In the decades to come, freshwater consumed by human will get to a tipping point. Many projects and concepts have been proposed and implemented for several years to improve the effectiveness of using water. These research activities can be grouped as: desalination plants; water detention (like rainwater tanks for collection and reuse); wastewater reuse; dams and reservoirs. This paper summarized the characters of these water solutions. But these methods can't provide enough fresh water due to limitations imposed by these methods as well as following industry and population's development. To overcome these shortcomings, coastal reservoir strategy is proposed in the paper. This new strategy is technically feasible, environmentally sustainable and cost effective by demonstration and comparison.
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