Evaluation of Laccase Activities by Three Newly Isolated Fungal Species in Submerged Fermentation With Single or Mixed Lignocellulosic Wastes

Abstract

Three newly isolated fungal species, namely, Cerrena unicolor Han 849, Lenzites betulina Han 851, and Schizophyllum commune Han 881, isolated from their native habitats in Wulingshan National Nature Reserve of Hebei Province of northern China, were screened for laccase production with single or mixed lignocellulosic wastes. C. unicolor Han 849 was found to express the highest levels of laccase with single or mixed lignocellulosic wastes compared with L. betulina Han 851 and S. commune Han 881. The highest laccase activity from the mixed fungal culture of C. unicolor Han 849 and S. commune Han 881 or L. betulina Han 851 on Firmiana platanifolia was 1,373.12 ± 55.93 and 1,144.85 ± 34.97 U/L, respectively, higher than that from other tested conditions. L. betulina Han 851 or S. commune Han 881 mixed with other species was also helpful for accelerating laccase secretion due to reach maximum enzyme activity quickly. The treatment of mixing different species, including the mixture of two or three species, was obviously conducive to the improvement of laccase activity on Firmiana platanifolia. These results revealed that the fungal co-culture and the mixed lignocellulosic wastes contribute to the improvement of laccase activities and enhance laccase activities within a short period. These findings would be helpful for providing a new method for rapid production of low-cost laccase and for optimization of integrated industrial laccase production.

Laccase activities from three white-rot fungal species isolated from their native habitat in North China using solid-state fermentation with lignocellulosic biomass

“…Similarly, the interaction of species and lignocellulosic biomass on laccase activity was significant at different fermentation times (P < 0.001) (Table 2). (Birhanli and Yeşilada 2013;Zhou et al 2014;Palazzolo et al 2019;An et al 2020An et al , 2021Han et al 2021aHan et al , 2021c. Meanwhile, the selection of appropriate lignocellulosic biomass for fungus growth and enzyme production plays an important role in the development of efficient biotechnology (Elisashvili et al 2008;Han et al 2021a).…”

“…Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), belonging to blue multi-copper oxidase, was first found in Rhus vernicifera and is widely distributed in various higher plants, some insects, fungi, and bacteria (Zhang et al 2020;Han et al 2021c). Based on its ability to oxidize various kinds of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, laccase has huge potential application in all aspects of biotechnology involving materials science, biodegradation, bioremediation, drug analysis, biosensor, nanobiotechnology, the paper and pulp industry, food chemistry, and biofuels (Unuofin et al 2019;Zerva et al 2019;Huang et al 2020;Coria-Oriundo et al 2021;Shokri et al 2021;Sun et al 2021aSun et al , 2021bZhou et al 2021).…”

“…Presently, related studies on laccase are mainly focused on a few genera, such as Pleurotus, Flammulina, Ganoderma, Trametes, Lentinus, and Phanerochaete (Elisashvili et al 2008;Huang et al 2019;An et al 2020An et al , 2021Atilano-Camino et al 2020). Of course, new studies have begun to develop new productive strains and evaluate their capacity of secreting laccase (Han et al 2021a(Han et al , 2021c. Very few studies have considered using more numbers of lignocellulosic biomass for grown fungi to produce laccase.…”

Evaluation of the capacity of laccase secretion of four novel isolated white-rot fungal strains in submerged fermentation with lignocellulosic biomass

“…Laccase activity could be affected by many factors, including pH, metal ions, organic and inorganic compounds, temperature, fermentation method, and co-culture (Songulashvili et al 2011;Sun et al 2012;Kuhar and Papinutti 2014;Qin et al 2019;Sharma et al 2019;Lira-Perez et al 2020;Han et al 2021). Meanwhile, different species or strains belonging to the same species significantly affected laccase activity (Elisashvili et al 2008;Janusz et al 2015;An et al 2016a;Han et al 2017Han et al , 2018Ikubar et al 2018;An et al 2020aAn et al , 2020bHan et al 2020b).…”

Laccase activity from Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes strains grown on agro- and forestry residues by solid-state fermentation

“…The activity of laccase secreted by fungi is affected by many factors. Additionally, it mainly includes the following categories: 1) the concentration, proportion, and type of carbon or nitrogen sources, such as glucose, peptone, and lignocellulosic biomass (Songulashvili et al 2008;An et al 2015;Han et al 2017;Palazzolo et al 2019;Thamvithayakorn et al 2019;Agrawal and Verma 2020;Atilano-Camino et al 2020;Pinheiro et al 2020); 2) various kinds or concentration of metal ions, e.g., Ca 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ag 2+ , Fe 2+ , Hg 2+ , and Mn 2+ (Wang et al 2011;Pezzella et al 2013;Divya et al 2015;Suetomi et al 2015;Zhuo et al 2017;Xu et al 2018;An et al 2020a); 3) fungal secondary metabolites, such as veratrol and ferulic acid (Galhaup et al 2002;Janusz et al 2015); 4) temperature and pH (Diaz et al 2013;Hu et al 2014); 5) fermentation method, including submerged fermentation, solid-state fermentation and unconventional method (solid-state fermentation followed by liquid fermentation) (An et al 2016b;Schalchli et al 2017;Wasak et al 2018;Gupta and Jana 2019;Wang et al 2019); 6) different species or strains (Elisashvili and Kachlishvili 2009;An et al 2016aAn et al , 2018Zhang et al 2020;Han et al 2021).…”