Evaluation of Knowledge and Practices Regarding Cholera, Water Treatment, Hygiene, and Sanitation Before and After an Oral Cholera Vaccination Campaign—Haiti, 2013–2014

Childs, Lana; François, Jeannot; Choudhury, Alina; Wannemuehler, Kathleen; Dismer, Amber; Hyde, Terri B.; Yen, Catherine; Date, Kashmira; Juin, Stanley; Katz, Mark A.; Kantor, Erica Felker; Routh, Janell; Etheart, Melissa D.; Wright, Tracie; Adrien, Paul; Tohme, Rania A.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0555

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As OCV campaigns expand, there is interest in knowing how OCV campaigns impact WASH practices; results to date have been disparate. In Haiti, fewer postcampaign respondents reported treating and covering their drinking water and no significant changes in handwashing practice or cholera knowledge were reported 1 year after the campaign [ 35 ]. Conversely, in Papua New Guinea, respondents in vaccinated areas were more likely to have received cholera knowledge, and no significant differences in water, sanitation, and hygiene practices were observed 5 months after the campaign [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Water Treatment and Cholera Control

Lantagne

Yates

2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Water, sanitation, and hygiene are one part of a cholera control strategy. Household water treatment (HWT) in particular has been shown to improve the microbiological quality of stored water and reduce the disease burden. We conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature to determine the outcomes and impacts of HWT in preventing cholera specifically. Fourteen manuscripts with 18 evaluations of HWT interventions in cholera were identified. Overall, a moderate quality of evidence suggests that HWT interventions reduce the burden of disease in cholera outbreaks and the risk of disease transmission. Appropriate training for users and community health worker follow-up are necessary for use. Barriers to uptake include taste and odor concerns, and facilitators include prior exposure, ease of use, and links to preexisting development programming. Further research on local barriers and facilitators, HWT filters, scaling up existing development programs, program sustainability, integrating HWT and oral cholera vaccine, and monitoring in low-access emergencies is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Water Treatment and Cholera Control

Lantagne

Yates

2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…However, one difference identified is that Gressier participants received general health education in significantly higher proportions than those in Léogâne. The association between water and health is a present concern to residents of Gressier and Léogâne [26] and researchers have conducted health education campaigns about the association in the past, albeit in different communities [27]. Therefore, it is possible that receiving health information changed participant water practices, though the absolute difference of 11% indicates that this may only have minimal effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of water insecurity from urban and peri-urban Haiti: A quantitative analysis

et al. 2019

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Safe drinking water access has continued to be a growing issue in Haiti. Water accessibility, availability, and quality can have severe implications on health and safety, with those in urban areas often having more access. Key differences relating to water accessibility can be seen between the urban and peri-urban areas of Haiti. One major objective of this research is to examine the disparities between the two areas and determine limiting and enabling factors that are contributing to the perceived access to clean water. A cross-cultural household water insecurity experiences (HWISE) survey (n = 499) was distributed to determine barriers and accessibility to sufficient water quality and quantity at the household level. This paper explores the relationship between water insecurity between two urban and peri-urban communes in Haiti using this data. Fisher’s Exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify significant differences between strata, and logistic regression was used to determine significant associations with water security outcomes. Results indicated there were differences in both the costs and the sources of drinking and non-drinking water between urban and peri-urban Haiti. Certain demographic and behavioral characteristics were associated with increased water insecurity, including a household size greater than five and experiencing injury during collection.

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“…(33) The other three articles all focused on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the midst of the cholera outbreak. (34)(35)(36) Thus, the existing body of research about the cholera outbreak lacks empirical documentation of the experiences and perceptions of Haitian community members themselves. Much has happened since the majority of existing articles were published -undeniable genetic proof that the cholera strain was from Nepal, a formal apology by the UN for its role in introducing cholera to Haiti, a UN plan for assistance in Haiti, and lack of progress towards realizing that plan.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera in the Time of MINUSTAH: Experiences of Community Members Affected by Cholera in Haiti

Bartels

Fraulin

Lee

2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: In October 2010, 10 months after a catastrophic earthquake, Haiti experienced the largest and most deadly cholera outbreak of the 21st century with 820,000 reported cases and up to 10,000 deaths. Nepalese United Nations (UN) peacekeepers are widely believed to have introduced cholera, and the UN formally accepted responsibility for the outbreak in 2016. The current analysis examines how Haitian community members experienced the cholera epidemic and documents their attitudes around accountability and delayed reparations from the UN.Methods: Using a narrative capture tool, 12 Haitian research assistants collected micronarratives in 2017 from participants surrounding 10 UN bases in Haiti. Seventy-seven micronarratives focused on cholera were selected for thematic analysis, which was conducted by two independent coders. Relevant stories were chosen to present a diverse selection of experiences and attitudes related to cholera.Results: Five major themes were identified: 1) Cholera cases and deaths; 2) Accessing care and services; 3) Protests and riots against the UN; 4) Reparations; and 5) Anti-colonialism. Findings highlight the fear and frustration caused by the cholera outbreak and the devastating impact it had on affected families and communities, which was compounded in some cases by an inability to access life-saving medical care. Widespread anger against the UN was also evident and led to protests and riots against the peacekeepers. Most participants believed that the UN should compensate cholera victims but there was significant misinformation about the reparation process. The UN’s culpability in the cholera epidemic provoked anti-colonial sentiments and a call to end the UN’s ‘occupation’ of Haiti.Conclusions: Haiti’s cholera victims and their families deserve clear and transparent updates from the UN and the committed material compensation for cholera must be delivered to affected families. Focused investments to improve access to safe water and adequate sanitation must be instituted to eradicate cholera in Haiti. To rebuild trust in the UN and foreign aid, the committed material compensation must be provided in partnership with local Haitians organizations who consult with community members throughout each step of the process.

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Evaluation of Knowledge and Practices Regarding Cholera, Water Treatment, Hygiene, and Sanitation Before and After an Oral Cholera Vaccination Campaign—Haiti, 2013–2014

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Household Water Treatment and Cholera Control

Household Water Treatment and Cholera Control

Perceptions of water insecurity from urban and peri-urban Haiti: A quantitative analysis

Cholera in the Time of MINUSTAH: Experiences of Community Members Affected by Cholera in Haiti

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