Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely present
in agricultural
soils, but their sources and fate in greenhouse soils remain unclear.
In this study, the sources, fractionation, and migration of PFASs
were compared in the greenhouse and open-field soils of the Fen-Wei
Plain, China. The total concentrations of PFASs (Σ17PFAS) were comparable in the greenhouse and open-field soils but
with different profiles. Detrended correspondence and correlation
analyses indicated that dry deposition was an important source of
PFASs in the open-field soils, whereas surface water had a notable
contribution to the greenhouse soils due to more frequent irrigation.
The PFASs in the soils were mainly present in water-soluble fraction
(F1). The F1 proportions of short-chain and long-chain PFASs were
negatively correlated with the anion exchange capacity (AEC) and organic
carbon content (f
oc) in soil, respectively,
with that of short-chain PFASs being higher than long-chain ones.
The AEC was significantly higher while f
oc was lower in the greenhouse soil than the open-field soil, leading
to lower proportions of F1 for short-chain PFASs while higher for
long-chain ones in the greenhouse soil. Frequent irrigation and elevated
temperatures promoted the migration of PFASs in greenhouse soil; thus,
the Σ17PFAS and F1 exhibited an increasing trend
with soil depth.