Evaluation of Intensity of Sleep Bruxism in Arterial Hypertension

Martynowicz, Helena; Dymczyk, P.; Dominiak, Marzena; Kazubowska, Klaudia; Skomro, Robert; Poręba, Rafał; Gać, Paweł; Wojakowska, Anna; Mazur, Grzegorz; Więckiewicz, Mieszko

doi:10.3390/jcm7100327

Cited by 33 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The third group or external factors are constituted by caffeine consumption, smoking, alcohol intake, and drug use. 12 Furthermore, the multifactorial origin of bruxism involves medical conditions and disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 13,14 diabetes, 14 increased body mass index (BMI), hypertension, 15,16 thyroid diseases, sleepiness, and snoring. 17 The contraction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increases with age among patients with an established CVD and those at an increased risk of developing a CVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Determination of Inflammatory Markers, Hormonal Disturbances, and Sleepiness Associated with Sleep Bruxism Among Adults</p>

Michałek-Zrąbkowska

Więckiewicz

Smardz

et al. 2020

NSS

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Purpose Sleep bruxism (SB) is characterized by repetitive phasic, tonic, or mixed masticatory muscle activity during sleep with multifactorial etiology. Previous studies have shown that the complex origin of SB can be related to the psychological features of the affected individual, consumption of caffeine and alcohol, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, increased body mass index, hypertension, thyroid diseases, and probable genetic vulnerability. This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory markers, hormonal disturbances, and sleepiness associated with SB, which have a potential effect on the total cardiovascular (CV) risk among relatively young and healthy patients. Patients and Methods A total of 74 individuals with probable SB were subjected to single-night polysomnography, followed by blood panel and 24-h urinary excretion tests. The level of daytime sleepiness was assessed in the participants using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Results SB was found in 78.4% of participants. The bruxism episode index (BEI) positively correlated with the concentrations of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen in the collected urine samples. A positive correlation was also found between phasic BEI and glucose concentration 2 h after the consumption of glucose solution. Sleep bruxers showed significantly increased sleepiness compared to nonbruxers ( p = 0.02). The scores on sleepiness were positively correlated with mixed BEI, minimal oxygen saturation, and mean heart rate. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that participants with SB had metabolic and hormonal disturbances, probably due to stress and sympathetic activity. Moreover, it was found that young sleep bruxers potentially have a high CV risk due to the increased level of inflammatory and stress markers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Determination of Inflammatory Markers, Hormonal Disturbances, and Sleepiness Associated with Sleep Bruxism Among Adults</p>

Michałek-Zrąbkowska

Więckiewicz

Smardz

et al. 2020

NSS

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“…However, even with the research results positioning portable EMG devices among the most reliable and easy to use methods for diagnosing bruxism, the complexity, sensitivity, and irreplaceable value of audio-video recordings in PSG still places it as the most detailed and valid diagnostic method for sleep bruxism. Furthermore, there have been developments in the form of portable sleep monitoring devices, e.g., the Nox-T3 Portable Sleep Monitor (Nox Medical, Reykjavik, Iceland), which seem to answer the need for simplified, yet detailed, diagnostic equipment in terms of sleep bruxism and sleep medicine in general [6,70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimated prevalence of bruxism ranges from 8% to 31% in the adult population [1], and some research states that bruxism affects women more commonly than men, due to women being more sensitive to stress and reporting it more often [2,3,4]. In accordance with the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), bruxism is defined as a “repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible” [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) the “clinical criteria” for the classification of SB are as follows: (A) the presence of regular or frequent teeth-grinding sounds occurring during sleep; (B) the presence of one or more of the following clinical signs: (1) abnormal tooth wear consistent with the above reports of tooth grinding during sleep; (2) transient morning jaw muscle pain or fatigue, temporal headache, and/or jaw locking upon awakening consistent with the above reports of tooth grinding during sleep [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bruxoff Device as a Screening Method for Sleep Bruxism in Dental Practice

Saczuk

Łapińska

Wilmont

et al. 2019

JCM

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Sleep bruxism (SB) is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep and a common phenomenon. Severe SB can have a serious impact on the success of dental treatment. Reliable methods of screening and diagnosing patients with SB are crucial. Therefore, in this study, a Bruxoff device as a potential screening and diagnostic method for sleep bruxism was evaluated. A total of 60 adults participated in this study: 35 patients with symptoms of bruxism (study group) and 25 asymptomatic patients (control group). Data were recorded using Bruxoff. All symptomatic patients participating in the study turned out to be bruxers, while not all asymptomatic patients turned out to be non-bruxers according to the Bruxoff device. Bruxoff is a simple screening device that can be safely used to evaluate masseter muscle activity during sleep. Since the device does not have a built-in microphone and/or video camera and, therefore, cannot record grinding sounds, the objective capabilities of Bruxoff as a single diagnostic device for sleep bruxism are limited.

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“…A considerable number of risk factors have been identified for SB, which include caffeine, smoking, stress, alcohol, anxiety, age, drugs [6,7], and obstructive sleep apnea [8]. Recently, our research group found that diabetes [8], body mass index (BMI), and hypertension [9] act as independent risk factors for SB [9]. In a study by Nashed, SB was shown to be associated with an increase in blood pressure during the rhythmic activity of the masticatory muscles [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Sleep Bruxism Intensity and Renalase Concentration—An Enzyme Involved in Hypertension Development

Martynowicz

Więckiewicz

Poręba

et al. 2019

JCM

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Background and objectives: Renalase, a novel amine oxidase, is involved in the development of hypertension. Sleep bruxism (SB) is a sleep-related behavior characterized by rhythmic or non-rhythmic activity of the masticatory muscles, which leads to the mechanical wear of teeth, pain in the masticatory muscles, and disturbed sleep. Recent studies indicate that SB plays a role in increased blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep bruxism intensity and renalase concentration, which may help in the future to elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. Material and methods: SB was evaluated in 87 adult patients using single-night diagnostic polysomnography with video and audio recordings, and the episodes of bruxism were scored according to the standards of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The levels of serum renalase were measured in the patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: SB (Bruxism Episode Index (BEI) ≥2) was diagnosed in 54% (n = 47) of the studied population, and the mean concentration of renalase was found to be decreased in the hypertensive group compared with the normotensive group (133.33 ± 160.71 vs 219.23 ± 220.58, p = 0.047). In addition, a linear negative correlation was observed between the renalase concentration and the body mass index (BMI) in the SB group (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) but not in controls. Thus, higher BEI and higher BMI were identified as factors independently associated with the lower concentration of renalase, but only in the group of patients which had a blood renalase concentration of >212.5 ng/mL. Conclusion: There exists an association between renalase concentration and SB intensity, and further studies are needed to clarify the role of renalase in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders.

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Evaluation of Intensity of Sleep Bruxism in Arterial Hypertension

Cited by 33 publications

References 47 publications

<p>Determination of Inflammatory Markers, Hormonal Disturbances, and Sleepiness Associated with Sleep Bruxism Among Adults</p>

<p>Determination of Inflammatory Markers, Hormonal Disturbances, and Sleepiness Associated with Sleep Bruxism Among Adults</p>

The Bruxoff Device as a Screening Method for Sleep Bruxism in Dental Practice

The Relationship between Sleep Bruxism Intensity and Renalase Concentration—An Enzyme Involved in Hypertension Development

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