Evaluation of industrial lignins for biocomposites production

Schorr, Diane; Diouf, Papa Niokhor; Stevanović, Tatjana

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.014

Cited by 139 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the other hand, the molecular weight of L3 was found to be higher than L2 and L4 lignins. This result can be related to more condensed structure of softwood lignins (Schorr et al 2014).…”

Section: Characterization Of Soluble and Insoluble Parts Of Lignin Inmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Li et al (2007) stated that repolymerization and depolymerization (cleavage of β-O-4) of lignin may simultaneously occur during steam explosion process depends on the severity factor which produce more heterogeneous lignin structure (Li et al 2007). It is very difficult to compare the molecular weight distribution of industrial lignins because the results differ depending on the method (Schorr et al 2014). For instance, the Mw, Mn, and PD for Indulin AT (L3) were reported 6549, 656, and 9.9 (Hu et al 2016), and 4549, 1248, and 3.6 (Schorr et al 2014, respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of Soluble and Insoluble Parts Of Lignin Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solubility of Lignin and Acetylated Lignin in Organic Solvents

2017

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The solubility of four lignin samples and their acetylated forms was determined in a series of organic solvents to investigate the relationship between solubility and the solubility parameter. The solubility parameter of lignin samples and acetylated lignin was calculated based on the number of atoms or groups on lignin units. (Lignin 4 [4]). The solubility of lignin in organic solvents was not predictable due to poor correlation between the solubility of lignin and its solubility parameter. However, the solubility of lignin in an organic solvent depended on the molecular weight and the aliphatic hydroxyl number of the lignin. L2, with a lower molecular weight than other lignin samples, had the highest solubility in organic solvents, and L3, with highest aliphatic hydroxyl number, had the lowest solubility in organic solvents. All acetylated lignins were soluble in most of the organic solvents. Furthermore, the molecular weights of the soluble parts of all four lignins in ethyl acetate were found to be lower than the original lignins.

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Section: Characterization Of Soluble and Insoluble Parts Of Lignin Inmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Characterization Of Soluble and Insoluble Parts Of Lignin Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Lignin and Acetylated Lignin in Organic Solvents

2017

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“…Unmodified lignin has poor stability [13] and difficult melt processing [14], which make its direct use uncompetitive. However, many studies have focused on the incorporation of lignin in polymer materials by blending it with synthetic or other biobased polymers [15][16][17]. Current studies have shown increasing interest in diversifying the sources of the hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based polyurethane prepared from Kraft lignin and modified castor oil

Tavares¹,

Boas²,

Schleder³

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

114

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Abstract. Current challenges highlight the need for polymer research using renewable natural sources as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. The use of polyols obtained from renewable sources combined with the reuse of industrial residues such as lignin is an important agent in this process. Different compositions of polyurethane-type materials were prepared by combining technical Kraft lignin (TKL) with castor oil (CO) or modified castor oil (MCO1 and MCO2) to increase their reactivity towards diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The results indicate that lignin increases the glass transition temperature, the crosslinking density and improves the ultimate stress especially for those prepared from MCO2 and 30% lignin content from 8.2 MPa (lignin free) to 23.5 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of rupture surface after uniaxial tensile tests show ductile-to-brittle transition. The results show the possibility to develop polyurethane-type materials, varying technical grade Kraft lignin content, which cover a wide range of mechanical properties (from large elastic/low Young modulus to brittle/high Young modulus polyurethanes).

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“…To transform lignin into an insoluble adhesive, it must be additionally cross-linked; a lower number of free positions in the aromatic nuclei and a lower rate of reactivity limit the utility of lignin as an adhesive (Khan and Ashraf 2006). Furthermore, the methoxy or methoxyequivalent groups present on the aromatic ring of lignin are considerably less reactive toward hydroxybenzyl alcohol groups than the hydroxyl groups found in phenol (Pizzi 2003;Khan and Ashraf 2006;Schorr et al 2014). Because of these reasons, lignin cannot be utilized as effectively as a potential adhesive as synthetic PF resins.…”

Section: Laccase Application In Fiberboard Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laccase, an Emerging Tool to Fabricate Green Composites: A Review

Mahmood¹,

Hashim²,

Sulaiman³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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In the last two decades, laccases have received much attention from researchers because of their specific ability to oxidize lignin. This function of laccase is very useful for applications in several biotechnological processes, including delignification in the pulp and paper industry and the detoxification of industrial effluents from the textile and petrochemical industries. This review focuses on laccase-mediated fiberboard synthesis. Growing concerns regarding the emission of formaldehyde from wood composites has prompted industrialists to consider the fabrication of green composites. Laccase-mediated fiber treatments oxidize the lignin component without affecting the cellulose structure. As a result, free radicals are generated on the fiber surface, and these can act as potential reactive sites for further cross-linking reactions in board manufacturing. Binderless fiberboards prepared using such methods can be considered as green composites because the manufacturing process involves no additional resin.

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Evaluation of industrial lignins for biocomposites production

Cited by 139 publications

References 24 publications

Solubility of Lignin and Acetylated Lignin in Organic Solvents

Solubility of Lignin and Acetylated Lignin in Organic Solvents

Bio-based polyurethane prepared from Kraft lignin and modified castor oil

Laccase, an Emerging Tool to Fabricate Green Composites: A Review

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