Evaluation of In Vivo Biocompatibility in Preclinical Studies of a Finger Implant Medical Device Correlated with Mechanical Properties and Microstructure

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the biocompatibility of four 3D-printed biomaterials planned for use in the surgical treatment of finger amputees: Ti-6Al-4 V (Ti64), ZrO 2 −Al 2 O 3 ceramic material (ATZ20), and osteoconductive (anodized Ti64) and antibacterial (Hydroxyapatite, HAp) coatings that adhere well to materials dedicated to finger bone implants. The work concerns the correlation of mechanical, microstructural, and biological properties of dedicated materials. Biological tests consisted of determining the overall cytotoxicity of the organism on the basis of in vivo tests carried out in accordance with the ISO 10993-6 and ISO 10993-11 standards. Clinical observations followed by diagnostic examinations, histopathological evaluation, and biochemical characterization showed no significant differences between control and tested groups of animals. The wound healed without complication, and no pathological effects were found. The wear test showed the fragility of the hydroxyapatite thin layer and the mechanical stability of the zirconia-based ceramic substrate. Electron microscopy observations revealed the layered structure of tested substrates and coatings.

Electrophoretic Deposition of Calcium Phosphates on Carbon–Carbon Composite Implants: Morphology, Phase/Chemical Composition and Biological Reactions

“…The group 1 and group 2 samples maintained osteogenic differentiation (the target genes of RUNX2 and ALPL) of the donor’s BM MSCs. Generally, the obtained results confirmed the previous published data [ 35 , 36 , 37 ] on the in vitro cytocompatibility potential of the prepared HAp coatings in terms of the ALPL gene expression and cell proliferation. As shown additionally, the pronounced RUNX2 expression was detected for the studied samples too.…”

“…The porous C-C composite contributed to the penetration of fine-dispersed HAp from the colloidal electrolyte and its accumulation. Generally, the phase composition of our prepared coated samples was typical for the previous published data [35,36].…”

“…Nowadays, Ca-P bioceramic coatings are deposited to enhance implant integration into bone tissue but understanding and describing the relevant biological processes are difficult. The presented results could be considered as a necessary preliminary stage of biotesting of the HAp-covered C-C composites with in vitro and subcutaneous implantation procedures [ 34 , 35 ].…”