Evaluation of In Vitro Antiprotease Activity of Selected Traditional Medicinal Herbs in Dentistry and Its In Silico PASS Prediction

Abstract

Background. Dental/oral diseases are one of the significant public health problems globally. Herbal medicines for managing oral diseases are considered an effective alternative to synthetic compounds due to their lower side effect. Azadirachta indica, Terminalia chebula, Camellia sinensis, and Piper nigrum are used to control and prevent oral inflammations in dentistry. In this study, we have evaluated the protease inhibition activity of these plant extracts, and further, the binding mode of the active ingredient of these plants with trypsin was studied using molecular docking. Methods. In this study, protease inhibition activity was carried out using aqueous extracts of the plant parts such as Azadirachta indica (neem) twig, Terminalia chebula (Haritaki) fruit, Camellia sinensis (green tea) powder, and Piper nigrum (kali miri) seed. Next, to explore the binding mode of active ingredients azadirachtin, chebuligenic acid, catechin, and piperine with trypsin, we employed a molecular docking study using AutoDock4.2. Results. The results revealed that the Azadirachta indica plant extract showed an IC50 value of 96.19 μg mL-1, Camellia sinensis IC50 value of 188.50 μg mL-1, Piper nigrum IC50 value of 371.20 μg mL-1, and Terminalia chebula IC50 value of 639.48 μg mL-1, when compared with standard drug diclofenac sodium, had IC50 value 93.00 μg mL-1. Further, the docking result reveals that all the main active ingredients of these plants have significant binding affinity and prefer the same binding pocket of trypsin. Conclusion. Hence, our results show the importance of traditional plants Azadirachta indica, Terminalia chebula, green tea, and Piper nigrum to control oral disease conditions. As they show significant protease inhibition activity, hence, the active ingredient could act as a potential anti-inflammatory agent and further help to prevent or control oral disease conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

Phenolic Profile and Comparison of the Antioxidant, Anti-Ageing, Anti-Inflammatory, and Protective Activities of Borago officinalis Extracts on Skin Cells

“…Hence, compounds showing the ability to inhibit proteinases can play a significant role in inhibiting inflammation [ 21 ]. Literature data indicate that many biologically active compounds present in plants can inhibit the activity of these enzymes [ 23 , 24 ], so this work also assessed the possibility of proteinase inhibition. The results indicated that all four extracts can inhibit the activity of this enzyme in a manner dependent on both the concentration and type of extractant ( Figure 8 ).…”

Comparison of the push-out bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin after using different herbal irrigation solutions as the final rinse

“…Ramazan et al showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs extracted from wild ginger exhibited complete antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria [ 15 ]. A recent study showed the anti-inflammatory characteristic of traditional medicinal herbs in preventing and controlling oral disease conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis through protease inhibition activity [ 16 ]. The antimicrobial activity of some herbs such as Cinnamomum zeylanicum [ 17 ] and Cuminum cyminum has been proved in recent studies [ 18 ].…”